kitty07
Dec 5, 2010
Research Papers / A feasibility report to install designated smoking areas [3]
i need help fixing up my sentence structures any feedback would help out a lot thanks.
The purpose of this feasibility report is to install designated smoking areas around Central Washington University to prevent second hand smoke of CWU students. Adding designated smoking areas will prevent students from smoking on the pathways of CWU, which will decrease the chances of other student from second hand smoking. My audience for this report involves all CWU students. The audience's attitude towards this feasibility report was greatly appreciated. Many of the people were very interested and even looked forward to seeing this happen at CWU. Most of the people who do smoke did not really seem to care that much about this topic or refused to be required to smoke in areas they were only allowed to.
In the following report I will present an outline of all the information I had gathered for my feasibility report. Throughout my report I will have second level headings that will follow in with a scope or a project discussion, I will also be using MLA format for this report. The only problem I encountered was getting hold of the people I needed to speak to, to find out the budget, cost, and who would be involved to make all this happen. I solved this problem by researching other schools that have designated smoking areas and also researching the cost of the materials and equipment's I will need for this project in an online source.
Executive Summary
Due to the freedom students have with smoking, there is a higher chance for students being in the risk of second hand smoking. Nonsmokers who are in the risk of second hand smoking have a greater chance of dying from heart disease and a greater chance of getting asthma. One solution to this problem is to install designated smoking areas so students who do smoke are forbidden to smoke on the same pathways as everyone else.
Scope and Methods
In order to determine the feasibility for installing designated smoking areas at CWU, I needed to gather all the information I needed this report. The scopes for this study looks into the cost, budget, interest, materials, equipment, process, location, timing, and enforcement. In order to gather all this information, I interviewed people who are involved in the Environmental Health Services as well as the police department. Most of my data will be acquired through interviews as well as the internet. I will interview 15 nonsmokers and 15 smokers of CWU students. I will also interview students who do not attend CWU, but who attend somewhere that already has designated smoke areas in their schools. I will observe University of Washington's designated areas to see how they have designed their smoking areas. Online sources will help me find statistics of second hand smoking, as well as other school polices of public.
Findings
During my interview with Mike Luvera who is the President of Public Safety and Police Services of CWU, gave me great information about the public smoking that is addressed through State Law. During my interview with Mike Luvera, I learned that even without designated smoking areas, students are prohibited to smoke within 25 feet of doorways or any open entrances, exits, windows that open, and ventilation intakes that serve an enclosed area where smoking is prohibited to ensure that tobacco smoke does not enter the area through entrances, exits, and open windows.
Recommendation
Based on my research, I noticed that students were not following the State Law of smoking within 25 feet away from entrances. I also noticed that when students are smoking on the pathways of Central Washington University, there are many other nonsmokers who are in the harms of second hand smoking. I recommend that the President of Central Washington University examines and evaluates to continue the process of having designated smoking areas.
Introduction
Tobacco use in any form is a significant health hazard. My feasibility report looks into adopting a No Smoking policy that encourages CWU to be a campus tobacco and smoke-free environment by adding designated smoking areas for student smokers. No actions have been taken so far to secure the health of other students and to prevent second hand smoking on Central Washington University campus.
Project Description
More than 500 colleges and universities around the country are currently banning smoking in some fashion. "Smoking bans on college campuses, which may range from complete campus-wide bans to prohibitions on smoking in dormitories and/or other public buildings, increasingly are becoming common across the United States" (Institute of Medicine). In 2005, the American College Health Association (ACHA) urged all college and university campuses across the nation to "implement no-smoking policies on their campuses in an effort to reduce the number of smokers between the ages of 18 to 24 years old" (Institute of Medicine). My feasibility report will examine designated smoking areas around campus to reduce health risks of students who walk on the pathways of CWU. I must determine the costs of all the equipment and materials that will be needed, time, process, enforcement, and locations.
Rationale
Our campus community is having problems with people smoking in the doorways and in the entrances of the university buildings, as well as the pathways. I have been a student at Central Washington University for four years now. From these four years at CWU, I have seen many students complaining about the places where students smoke or about inhaling the smoke as they are walking to class. The places on campus that have the most problem with student smokers are either by the library or the SURC. "Between 70 percent and 90 percent of non-smokers in the American population, children and adults, are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke. It is estimated that only 15 percent of cigarette smoke gets inhaled by the smoker. The remaining 85 percent lingers in the air for everyone to breathe" (Division of Periodontology). If a person spends more than two hours in a room where someone is smoking, the nonsmoker inhales the equivalent of four cigarettes. Secondhand smoke is the third leading preventable cause of disability and early death in the United States. For every eight smokers who die from smoking, one innocent bystander dies from secondhand smoke. So secondhand smoke does not just impact a person in the future, it can cause problems right now, like affecting someone's sports performance or ability to be physically active (Division of Periodontology).
Significance
New designated smoking areas will be available throughout the campus where students can smoke without harming other student's health. Benches will be used in the designated smoking locations that will also include ash urns where students can throw away their cigarette buds. Large signs will be posted near where students will be allowed to smoke and the signs will state, Tobacco restricted to Designated Areas only, and No smoking areas. There will be as many as 18 designated areas depending on the approval for the locations with the President and the Facility Management of CWU. These designated areas will be installed in the common areas where students can still take a smoke break and make it to class on time. I will also provide a campus map of CWU marking all the appropriate areas where students will be allowed to smoke.
The remainder of this report includes a Discussion that will answer the questions to determine the solution for my feasibility study, a Conclusion that will conclude my study, and a Recommendation about my suggestions.
Discussion
The obvious health risks of smoking are consistently shown to us through commercials, billboards, magazine ads and even on the actual cigarette carton itself. Yet many students still continue to use tobacco products, and in the process, expose others to harmful second hand smoke. It is understandable that students do have the right to smoke, but it should be done in designated smoking areas that will reduce the exposure to second hand smoke. "Second-hand smoke tops the list of safety concerns regarding smoking on college campuses. Around 38,000 deaths a year in the United States are caused by exposure to second hand smoke, according to the National Cancer Institute" (Hannah Bruchman).
Interest
Students of CWU showed a great appreciation of having designated smoking areas. Melody Madlem who is the President of the Environmental Health Department of CWU as well as the Kittitas County Public Health Department also showed a great interest after my interview with them. They taught me the great dangers about second hand smoking and suggested that my feasibility report was a great start a change to a healthier environment. I surveyed 30 students from CWU which 15 was only surveyed for nonsmokers and the other 15 who were smokers. Students of nonsmokers who took this survey all wanted to have designated smoking areas. On the other hand, only 3 out of 15 said that they wanted to have designated areas who were smokers. One students comment stood out compared to any other comments I received. Andrew Smigaj states that after not smoking for a year, it really became apparent how annoying second hand smoke can be. "When I was smoking, I used to think that secondhand smoke was not that big of an issue and people where overreacting, but now if I am anywhere near someone smoking and the wind is going in my direction, it triggers a negative reaction and I need to get out of the area as fast as possible - second hand smoke really irritates my lungs and makes me sick" (Andrew Smigaj). My interview with Paul Lee, a student who attends University of Washington also gave a great feedback of the pros and cons of having designated smoking areas. "Pros, as a smoker myself, I don't like having to walk to class with a cloud of smoke to breathe from walking behind someone smoking and going in my same path. It allows less o a possibility for confrontation with having one to ask another to stop smoking due to complaints of second hand smoke. Cons, it isolates smokers and indirectly labels them as outcasts from society" (Paul Lee).
Equipment and Materials
The equipments and materials needed to create a designated smoking area is very simple. The equipments and materials needed to install designated areas are a bench, ash urn, smoking shelter, and signs. Smoking shelters will not be included in all the desgniated areas, it will be limited to the areas that are most common for students such as the SURC and the library. For the areas that will not include smoking shelters, a bench and a ash urn will be installed for student smokers. Benches will be used to accomadate comfort for student smokers. Ash urns will be next to all desingated areas where students will be able to throw away their cigarratee butts properly. Smoking shelters will be used to protect students from the unrelaibale weather and signs will be used to help students where they will be allowed to smoke.
Cost/Budget and Process
The cost associated with installing designated smoking areas will vary depending on the kinds of equipments and materials that will be needed. The cost of the benches will vary from $500 to $1,000. The cost of the signs will vary from $20 to $200. Ash urns will vary from $100 to $300 and smoking shelters vary from $3,000 to $5,000. I found out after my interview with the Vice President Robert J. Tosch, that a funding source must be identified for the design and construction of the areas. Once a funding source is secured, the design will be completed, and then either a contractor will be hired by the Facilities Management Department (FMD) to complete the work, or the FMD staff will complete the work. The areas recommended to be designated areas must be approved by the CWU President. The list of the approved areas will then be examined and evaluated at appropriate for continuing validity and utility.
Locations and Timing
There will be approximately 18 designated smoking areas. I have created a visual of the possible areas that can be used to have designated smoking areas, which will be located in the Appendix page. The yellow triangles represent the designated areas and the yellow areas that also have a blue star around them are areas that will be used to have smoking shelters, which is by the Brooks Library as well as the SURC. The estimated time if approved should take about 4 to 6 months to install the designated areas.
Enforcement
Signs shall be posted on each building entrance as well as the walkways of CWU to notify the students of the new enforced rule for Central Washington University. The boundaries between a smoking area and a nonsmoking area will be clearly designated so that students may differentiate between the two areas. Students who intentionally violate the law by smoking in public places not designated as a smoking area or any students removing, defacing, or destroying the signs are subjected to a civil fine. All infractions will be addressed in the same manner as traffic infractions, with certain modifications. Parking lots will also be allowed for students to use as designated smoking areas.
Conclusion
Many people other than me who has asthma or other respiratory problems, as well as young pregnant students should not be a victim of second hand smoking. It is a pity that many people are affected by the second hand smoke, although they do not smoke and try to care of their body. The university should set up the smoking areas and protect them from the smoke. As a result, I strongly believe that having smoking areas and restricting smokers to smoke in designates areas will help reduce the health problems among CWU students.
Interests
- Students and Staffs must show interest to designated smoke areas
Equipments and Materials
- Benches, ash urn, signs, and smoking shelters must fit around the funding that will be provided
Cost/Budget and process
- Central Washington University President must approve the designates areas
- Appropriate funding must be found
- Designs of the areas need to be created
- Contractors needed to be hired by the Facility Management
- Benches will cost anywhere from $500 to $1,000 apiece
- Signs will cost anywhere from $20 to $200 apiece
- Ash urns will cost anywhere from $100 to $300 apiece
- Smoking shelters will cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,000 a piece
Locations and Timing
- Estimated time for completion will be around 4 to 6 months
- Estimated 18 designated smoking areas around Central Washington University
Enforcement
- Signs will be posted on every entrances and along the pathways
- Disciplinary actions will be held if students disobey the rules
Recommendation
Based on the information gathered in the feasibility report, I believe that installing designated smoking areas will have a great affect reducing the toxic left in the air from student smokers. I recommend that hopefully the President of Central Washington University, realizes how dangerous it is to be second hand smoking and initiate a study to determine the designs, locations, and how many designated areas we will need.
i need help fixing up my sentence structures any feedback would help out a lot thanks.
The purpose of this feasibility report is to install designated smoking areas around Central Washington University to prevent second hand smoke of CWU students. Adding designated smoking areas will prevent students from smoking on the pathways of CWU, which will decrease the chances of other student from second hand smoking. My audience for this report involves all CWU students. The audience's attitude towards this feasibility report was greatly appreciated. Many of the people were very interested and even looked forward to seeing this happen at CWU. Most of the people who do smoke did not really seem to care that much about this topic or refused to be required to smoke in areas they were only allowed to.
In the following report I will present an outline of all the information I had gathered for my feasibility report. Throughout my report I will have second level headings that will follow in with a scope or a project discussion, I will also be using MLA format for this report. The only problem I encountered was getting hold of the people I needed to speak to, to find out the budget, cost, and who would be involved to make all this happen. I solved this problem by researching other schools that have designated smoking areas and also researching the cost of the materials and equipment's I will need for this project in an online source.
Executive Summary
Due to the freedom students have with smoking, there is a higher chance for students being in the risk of second hand smoking. Nonsmokers who are in the risk of second hand smoking have a greater chance of dying from heart disease and a greater chance of getting asthma. One solution to this problem is to install designated smoking areas so students who do smoke are forbidden to smoke on the same pathways as everyone else.
Scope and Methods
In order to determine the feasibility for installing designated smoking areas at CWU, I needed to gather all the information I needed this report. The scopes for this study looks into the cost, budget, interest, materials, equipment, process, location, timing, and enforcement. In order to gather all this information, I interviewed people who are involved in the Environmental Health Services as well as the police department. Most of my data will be acquired through interviews as well as the internet. I will interview 15 nonsmokers and 15 smokers of CWU students. I will also interview students who do not attend CWU, but who attend somewhere that already has designated smoke areas in their schools. I will observe University of Washington's designated areas to see how they have designed their smoking areas. Online sources will help me find statistics of second hand smoking, as well as other school polices of public.
Findings
During my interview with Mike Luvera who is the President of Public Safety and Police Services of CWU, gave me great information about the public smoking that is addressed through State Law. During my interview with Mike Luvera, I learned that even without designated smoking areas, students are prohibited to smoke within 25 feet of doorways or any open entrances, exits, windows that open, and ventilation intakes that serve an enclosed area where smoking is prohibited to ensure that tobacco smoke does not enter the area through entrances, exits, and open windows.
Recommendation
Based on my research, I noticed that students were not following the State Law of smoking within 25 feet away from entrances. I also noticed that when students are smoking on the pathways of Central Washington University, there are many other nonsmokers who are in the harms of second hand smoking. I recommend that the President of Central Washington University examines and evaluates to continue the process of having designated smoking areas.
Introduction
Tobacco use in any form is a significant health hazard. My feasibility report looks into adopting a No Smoking policy that encourages CWU to be a campus tobacco and smoke-free environment by adding designated smoking areas for student smokers. No actions have been taken so far to secure the health of other students and to prevent second hand smoking on Central Washington University campus.
Project Description
More than 500 colleges and universities around the country are currently banning smoking in some fashion. "Smoking bans on college campuses, which may range from complete campus-wide bans to prohibitions on smoking in dormitories and/or other public buildings, increasingly are becoming common across the United States" (Institute of Medicine). In 2005, the American College Health Association (ACHA) urged all college and university campuses across the nation to "implement no-smoking policies on their campuses in an effort to reduce the number of smokers between the ages of 18 to 24 years old" (Institute of Medicine). My feasibility report will examine designated smoking areas around campus to reduce health risks of students who walk on the pathways of CWU. I must determine the costs of all the equipment and materials that will be needed, time, process, enforcement, and locations.
Rationale
Our campus community is having problems with people smoking in the doorways and in the entrances of the university buildings, as well as the pathways. I have been a student at Central Washington University for four years now. From these four years at CWU, I have seen many students complaining about the places where students smoke or about inhaling the smoke as they are walking to class. The places on campus that have the most problem with student smokers are either by the library or the SURC. "Between 70 percent and 90 percent of non-smokers in the American population, children and adults, are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke. It is estimated that only 15 percent of cigarette smoke gets inhaled by the smoker. The remaining 85 percent lingers in the air for everyone to breathe" (Division of Periodontology). If a person spends more than two hours in a room where someone is smoking, the nonsmoker inhales the equivalent of four cigarettes. Secondhand smoke is the third leading preventable cause of disability and early death in the United States. For every eight smokers who die from smoking, one innocent bystander dies from secondhand smoke. So secondhand smoke does not just impact a person in the future, it can cause problems right now, like affecting someone's sports performance or ability to be physically active (Division of Periodontology).
Significance
New designated smoking areas will be available throughout the campus where students can smoke without harming other student's health. Benches will be used in the designated smoking locations that will also include ash urns where students can throw away their cigarette buds. Large signs will be posted near where students will be allowed to smoke and the signs will state, Tobacco restricted to Designated Areas only, and No smoking areas. There will be as many as 18 designated areas depending on the approval for the locations with the President and the Facility Management of CWU. These designated areas will be installed in the common areas where students can still take a smoke break and make it to class on time. I will also provide a campus map of CWU marking all the appropriate areas where students will be allowed to smoke.
The remainder of this report includes a Discussion that will answer the questions to determine the solution for my feasibility study, a Conclusion that will conclude my study, and a Recommendation about my suggestions.
Discussion
The obvious health risks of smoking are consistently shown to us through commercials, billboards, magazine ads and even on the actual cigarette carton itself. Yet many students still continue to use tobacco products, and in the process, expose others to harmful second hand smoke. It is understandable that students do have the right to smoke, but it should be done in designated smoking areas that will reduce the exposure to second hand smoke. "Second-hand smoke tops the list of safety concerns regarding smoking on college campuses. Around 38,000 deaths a year in the United States are caused by exposure to second hand smoke, according to the National Cancer Institute" (Hannah Bruchman).
Interest
Students of CWU showed a great appreciation of having designated smoking areas. Melody Madlem who is the President of the Environmental Health Department of CWU as well as the Kittitas County Public Health Department also showed a great interest after my interview with them. They taught me the great dangers about second hand smoking and suggested that my feasibility report was a great start a change to a healthier environment. I surveyed 30 students from CWU which 15 was only surveyed for nonsmokers and the other 15 who were smokers. Students of nonsmokers who took this survey all wanted to have designated smoking areas. On the other hand, only 3 out of 15 said that they wanted to have designated areas who were smokers. One students comment stood out compared to any other comments I received. Andrew Smigaj states that after not smoking for a year, it really became apparent how annoying second hand smoke can be. "When I was smoking, I used to think that secondhand smoke was not that big of an issue and people where overreacting, but now if I am anywhere near someone smoking and the wind is going in my direction, it triggers a negative reaction and I need to get out of the area as fast as possible - second hand smoke really irritates my lungs and makes me sick" (Andrew Smigaj). My interview with Paul Lee, a student who attends University of Washington also gave a great feedback of the pros and cons of having designated smoking areas. "Pros, as a smoker myself, I don't like having to walk to class with a cloud of smoke to breathe from walking behind someone smoking and going in my same path. It allows less o a possibility for confrontation with having one to ask another to stop smoking due to complaints of second hand smoke. Cons, it isolates smokers and indirectly labels them as outcasts from society" (Paul Lee).
Equipment and Materials
The equipments and materials needed to create a designated smoking area is very simple. The equipments and materials needed to install designated areas are a bench, ash urn, smoking shelter, and signs. Smoking shelters will not be included in all the desgniated areas, it will be limited to the areas that are most common for students such as the SURC and the library. For the areas that will not include smoking shelters, a bench and a ash urn will be installed for student smokers. Benches will be used to accomadate comfort for student smokers. Ash urns will be next to all desingated areas where students will be able to throw away their cigarratee butts properly. Smoking shelters will be used to protect students from the unrelaibale weather and signs will be used to help students where they will be allowed to smoke.
Cost/Budget and Process
The cost associated with installing designated smoking areas will vary depending on the kinds of equipments and materials that will be needed. The cost of the benches will vary from $500 to $1,000. The cost of the signs will vary from $20 to $200. Ash urns will vary from $100 to $300 and smoking shelters vary from $3,000 to $5,000. I found out after my interview with the Vice President Robert J. Tosch, that a funding source must be identified for the design and construction of the areas. Once a funding source is secured, the design will be completed, and then either a contractor will be hired by the Facilities Management Department (FMD) to complete the work, or the FMD staff will complete the work. The areas recommended to be designated areas must be approved by the CWU President. The list of the approved areas will then be examined and evaluated at appropriate for continuing validity and utility.
Locations and Timing
There will be approximately 18 designated smoking areas. I have created a visual of the possible areas that can be used to have designated smoking areas, which will be located in the Appendix page. The yellow triangles represent the designated areas and the yellow areas that also have a blue star around them are areas that will be used to have smoking shelters, which is by the Brooks Library as well as the SURC. The estimated time if approved should take about 4 to 6 months to install the designated areas.
Enforcement
Signs shall be posted on each building entrance as well as the walkways of CWU to notify the students of the new enforced rule for Central Washington University. The boundaries between a smoking area and a nonsmoking area will be clearly designated so that students may differentiate between the two areas. Students who intentionally violate the law by smoking in public places not designated as a smoking area or any students removing, defacing, or destroying the signs are subjected to a civil fine. All infractions will be addressed in the same manner as traffic infractions, with certain modifications. Parking lots will also be allowed for students to use as designated smoking areas.
Conclusion
Many people other than me who has asthma or other respiratory problems, as well as young pregnant students should not be a victim of second hand smoking. It is a pity that many people are affected by the second hand smoke, although they do not smoke and try to care of their body. The university should set up the smoking areas and protect them from the smoke. As a result, I strongly believe that having smoking areas and restricting smokers to smoke in designates areas will help reduce the health problems among CWU students.
Interests
- Students and Staffs must show interest to designated smoke areas
Equipments and Materials
- Benches, ash urn, signs, and smoking shelters must fit around the funding that will be provided
Cost/Budget and process
- Central Washington University President must approve the designates areas
- Appropriate funding must be found
- Designs of the areas need to be created
- Contractors needed to be hired by the Facility Management
- Benches will cost anywhere from $500 to $1,000 apiece
- Signs will cost anywhere from $20 to $200 apiece
- Ash urns will cost anywhere from $100 to $300 apiece
- Smoking shelters will cost anywhere from $3,000 to $5,000 a piece
Locations and Timing
- Estimated time for completion will be around 4 to 6 months
- Estimated 18 designated smoking areas around Central Washington University
Enforcement
- Signs will be posted on every entrances and along the pathways
- Disciplinary actions will be held if students disobey the rules
Recommendation
Based on the information gathered in the feasibility report, I believe that installing designated smoking areas will have a great affect reducing the toxic left in the air from student smokers. I recommend that hopefully the President of Central Washington University, realizes how dangerous it is to be second hand smoking and initiate a study to determine the designs, locations, and how many designated areas we will need.