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Jun 18, 2012
Research Papers / 'Diabetes Mellitus' - a research essay on Diabetes? [40]
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Introduction:
Based on the results of 2011 National diabetes, approximately 25.8 million children and adults in United States have diabetes; and that's about 8.3% of the U.S. population. Diabetes Mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. There are different types of diabetes. The three main different types of diabetes are Type 1 (DM), Type 2 (DM) and Gestational Diabetes. The word diabetes comes from Latin diabetes, which in turn comes from Ancient Greek (diabetes) which means "a passer through; a siphon". Ancient Greek physician Aretaeus of Cappadocia used that word, with the meaning "excessive discharge of urine", as the name for the disease. Mellitus comes from the classical Latin word mellitus, meaning "mellite" (i.e. sweetened with honey). It was Thomas Willis who in 1675 added "mellitus" to the word "diabetes" as a designation for the disease, when he noticed the urine of a diabetic had a sweet taste (glycosuria). This sweet taste had been noticed in urine by the ancient Greeks, Chinese, Egyptians, Indians, and Persians. So that's why it is called Diabetes Mellitus.
Type 1 (DM):
One type of diabetes is called Type 1 (Diabetes Mellitus). It is also named as "Juvenile Diabetes". This type is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. It occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, called "Beta cells". Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. About 3 million Americans have type 1 diabetes in the U.S.A. Some signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes are:
- Lethargy
- Smell of acetone
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Stupor
- Weight Loss
- Kussmaul Breathing (hyper-ventilation)
- Smell of acetone
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Frequent urination
- Unusual thirst
- Extreme hunger
- Extreme fatigue and irritability
- Sugar urination
People with this disease are mostly given insulin injections that they have to take several times a day; or they are sometimes given pumps which are also used multiple times a day. People with disease must carefully balance insulin doses either by injections or pumps with eating and daily activities throughout the day and night. Another thing that they are given is called the blood glucose meter, which is a small machine that can be used to measure the amount of glucose (sugar) to in your blood at the time of testing. People with this are also told to exercise, to maintain and balance the sugar/glucose in your blood.
Type 2 (DM):
Another type of diabetes is called Type 2 (Diabetes Mellitus). This diabetic disease is more common in people than any other type of diabetes. This type is more common in old people; people about age 20 or older. It is so common that, people with this type are not even aware that they have diabetes. Type 2 is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, as well as the aged population. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy. When you eat food, the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. In America about 37 million people have type 2 diabetes. That is about 38.2% of the whole population. Some signs and symptoms of Type 2 include:
- Any of the type 1 symptoms (often people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms)
- Frequent infections
- Blurred vision
- Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal
- Tingling/numbness in the hands/feet
- Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
- Polydypsia
- Glycosuria
Metformin is generally recommended as a first line treatment for type 2 diabetes, because it decreases mortality. They are also given a medicine called prandin. They have to eat prandin right before they eat, about three times a day. They are also given another medicine called Januvia. When insulin is used in type 2 diabetes, a long-acting formulation is usually added initially, while continuing oral medications. Doses of insulin are then increased to effect. They are given several types of medicines, and they mostly depend on whether you have more problems including diabetes or not. They are mostly given an insulin injection to help lower their blood glucose level. They are also mostly told to eat oats, which helps balance blood glucose level too. Just like for type 1 diabetic people, type 2 diabetic people are also given a blood sugar level meter. From which they check their blood glucose level. They are often given machine to check their pulse rate. Mostly they are told to exercise and walk a lot, to balance their sugar levels. If there sugar level is low, they are most likely to get dizzy, and they must be given with something sweet to eat immediately.
Gestational Diabetes:
Gestational diabetes is a temporary form (in most cases) of diabetes in which the body does not produce adequate amounts of insulin to deal with sugar during pregnancy. It is also called "glucose intolerance" or "carbohydrate intolerance". Gestational diabetes occurs in about 2%-5% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable. Even though it is fully treatable, it requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. About 20%-50% of affected women develop type 2 diabetes later in life. Some signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes include:
- Sugar in urine
- Unusual thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Frequent infections of bladder, vagina and skin
- Blurred vision
The biggest part of treating gestational diabetes is controlling the woman's blood sugar levels. There are things the doctor can do in order to control the woman's levels and keep them at a safe and normal amount. Those things include, closing monitoring of the woman's baby, self monitoring of blood glucose levels, insulin therapy (if it's necessary), and diet and exercise management. There are greater chances, that the women will develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
Diagnosis:
Doctors use special tests in diagnosing diabetes and also in monitoring blood sugar level control in known diabetics. They do those tests to check whether your sugar levels are balance, high, or low. They also check if you have any other disease including high cholesterol, heart diseases, or any other medical problems. Some common tests they do are called, "Finger stick blood glucose", "Fasting plasma glucose", "and Oral glucose tolerance test "," Glycosylated hemoglobin". The finger stick blood glucose test involves sticking the patient's finger for a blood sample, which is then placed on a strip. The strip goes into a machine that reads the blood sugar level. These machines are only accurate to within about 10%-20% of true laboratory values. In the test for fasting plasma glucose, the patient will be asked to eat or drink nothing for 8 hours before having blood drawn. If the blood glucose level is greater than or equal to 126 mg, they probably have diabetes. For the oral glucose tolerance test, it involves drawing blood for a fasting plasma glucose test, then drawing blood for a second test at two hours after drinking a very sweet drink containing up to 75 grams of sugar. If the blood sugar level after the sugar drink is greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL, the patient has diabetes. If the blood glucose level is between 140 and 199, then the patient has impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which is also a prediabetic condition. And lastly, in glycosylated hemoglobin test it measures how high the blood sugar levels have been over approximately the last 120 days.
Conclusion:
So, there are 3 main types of diabetes. 1 type is called Type 1 diabetes mellitus, another type is called Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the third type is called Gestational diabetes. These diabetes have some signs and symptoms, but they also include the medication. Even though the diabetes in type 1 and 2 cannot be fully treated, they are still provided with medications that can keep their blood glucose levels maintained and balanced. The third type, which is the gestational diabetes, has a treatment. Even though they are fully treated, they are still provided with careful medical supervision through pregnancy. There is a great chance that after the delivery the woman will develop type 2 diabetes. There is another type, but it is not so common; it is called the "prediabetic" which means that there are chances that you will get diabetes. For every type of diabetes mellitus, there is one common solution that you need to exercise to maintain, and balance your diabetes.
I know its long but plz check...
Please check, for edditing...{ :
Diabetes Research Paper
Introduction:
Based on the results of 2011 National diabetes, approximately 25.8 million children and adults in United States have diabetes; and that's about 8.3% of the U.S. population. Diabetes Mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. There are different types of diabetes. The three main different types of diabetes are Type 1 (DM), Type 2 (DM) and Gestational Diabetes. The word diabetes comes from Latin diabetes, which in turn comes from Ancient Greek (diabetes) which means "a passer through; a siphon". Ancient Greek physician Aretaeus of Cappadocia used that word, with the meaning "excessive discharge of urine", as the name for the disease. Mellitus comes from the classical Latin word mellitus, meaning "mellite" (i.e. sweetened with honey). It was Thomas Willis who in 1675 added "mellitus" to the word "diabetes" as a designation for the disease, when he noticed the urine of a diabetic had a sweet taste (glycosuria). This sweet taste had been noticed in urine by the ancient Greeks, Chinese, Egyptians, Indians, and Persians. So that's why it is called Diabetes Mellitus.
Type 1 (DM):
One type of diabetes is called Type 1 (Diabetes Mellitus). It is also named as "Juvenile Diabetes". This type is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. It occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, called "Beta cells". Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. About 3 million Americans have type 1 diabetes in the U.S.A. Some signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes are:
- Lethargy
- Smell of acetone
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Stupor
- Weight Loss
- Kussmaul Breathing (hyper-ventilation)
- Smell of acetone
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Frequent urination
- Unusual thirst
- Extreme hunger
- Extreme fatigue and irritability
- Sugar urination
People with this disease are mostly given insulin injections that they have to take several times a day; or they are sometimes given pumps which are also used multiple times a day. People with disease must carefully balance insulin doses either by injections or pumps with eating and daily activities throughout the day and night. Another thing that they are given is called the blood glucose meter, which is a small machine that can be used to measure the amount of glucose (sugar) to in your blood at the time of testing. People with this are also told to exercise, to maintain and balance the sugar/glucose in your blood.
Type 2 (DM):
Another type of diabetes is called Type 2 (Diabetes Mellitus). This diabetic disease is more common in people than any other type of diabetes. This type is more common in old people; people about age 20 or older. It is so common that, people with this type are not even aware that they have diabetes. Type 2 is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, as well as the aged population. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy. When you eat food, the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. In America about 37 million people have type 2 diabetes. That is about 38.2% of the whole population. Some signs and symptoms of Type 2 include:
- Any of the type 1 symptoms (often people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms)
- Frequent infections
- Blurred vision
- Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal
- Tingling/numbness in the hands/feet
- Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
- Polydypsia
- Glycosuria
Metformin is generally recommended as a first line treatment for type 2 diabetes, because it decreases mortality. They are also given a medicine called prandin. They have to eat prandin right before they eat, about three times a day. They are also given another medicine called Januvia. When insulin is used in type 2 diabetes, a long-acting formulation is usually added initially, while continuing oral medications. Doses of insulin are then increased to effect. They are given several types of medicines, and they mostly depend on whether you have more problems including diabetes or not. They are mostly given an insulin injection to help lower their blood glucose level. They are also mostly told to eat oats, which helps balance blood glucose level too. Just like for type 1 diabetic people, type 2 diabetic people are also given a blood sugar level meter. From which they check their blood glucose level. They are often given machine to check their pulse rate. Mostly they are told to exercise and walk a lot, to balance their sugar levels. If there sugar level is low, they are most likely to get dizzy, and they must be given with something sweet to eat immediately.
Gestational Diabetes:
Gestational diabetes is a temporary form (in most cases) of diabetes in which the body does not produce adequate amounts of insulin to deal with sugar during pregnancy. It is also called "glucose intolerance" or "carbohydrate intolerance". Gestational diabetes occurs in about 2%-5% of all pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery. Gestational diabetes is fully treatable. Even though it is fully treatable, it requires careful medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. About 20%-50% of affected women develop type 2 diabetes later in life. Some signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes include:
- Sugar in urine
- Unusual thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Frequent infections of bladder, vagina and skin
- Blurred vision
The biggest part of treating gestational diabetes is controlling the woman's blood sugar levels. There are things the doctor can do in order to control the woman's levels and keep them at a safe and normal amount. Those things include, closing monitoring of the woman's baby, self monitoring of blood glucose levels, insulin therapy (if it's necessary), and diet and exercise management. There are greater chances, that the women will develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
Diagnosis:
Doctors use special tests in diagnosing diabetes and also in monitoring blood sugar level control in known diabetics. They do those tests to check whether your sugar levels are balance, high, or low. They also check if you have any other disease including high cholesterol, heart diseases, or any other medical problems. Some common tests they do are called, "Finger stick blood glucose", "Fasting plasma glucose", "and Oral glucose tolerance test "," Glycosylated hemoglobin". The finger stick blood glucose test involves sticking the patient's finger for a blood sample, which is then placed on a strip. The strip goes into a machine that reads the blood sugar level. These machines are only accurate to within about 10%-20% of true laboratory values. In the test for fasting plasma glucose, the patient will be asked to eat or drink nothing for 8 hours before having blood drawn. If the blood glucose level is greater than or equal to 126 mg, they probably have diabetes. For the oral glucose tolerance test, it involves drawing blood for a fasting plasma glucose test, then drawing blood for a second test at two hours after drinking a very sweet drink containing up to 75 grams of sugar. If the blood sugar level after the sugar drink is greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL, the patient has diabetes. If the blood glucose level is between 140 and 199, then the patient has impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which is also a prediabetic condition. And lastly, in glycosylated hemoglobin test it measures how high the blood sugar levels have been over approximately the last 120 days.
Conclusion:
So, there are 3 main types of diabetes. 1 type is called Type 1 diabetes mellitus, another type is called Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the third type is called Gestational diabetes. These diabetes have some signs and symptoms, but they also include the medication. Even though the diabetes in type 1 and 2 cannot be fully treated, they are still provided with medications that can keep their blood glucose levels maintained and balanced. The third type, which is the gestational diabetes, has a treatment. Even though they are fully treated, they are still provided with careful medical supervision through pregnancy. There is a great chance that after the delivery the woman will develop type 2 diabetes. There is another type, but it is not so common; it is called the "prediabetic" which means that there are chances that you will get diabetes. For every type of diabetes mellitus, there is one common solution that you need to exercise to maintain, and balance your diabetes.
I know its long but plz check...
