Unanswered [15] | Urgent [0]
  

Posts by cvani
Joined: Apr 25, 2009
Last Post: Aug 20, 2010
Threads: 3
Posts: 29  

From: Nepal

Displayed posts: 32
sort: Latest first   Oldest first  | 
cvani   
Aug 20, 2010
Writing Feedback / Essay about Moving Image Technique in Advertising and Virtual Photography [4]

thank you kevin. I am not a good writer so its gets really difficult for me to write what i want and where.
if we just talk abt the first para then like you said its better if i don't mention the author's name and rather reference him. my main point of the essay is to discuss moving image technique in two different fields so that was the reason i wrote about both areas which wud be further discussed. so i shud add one more line after that but i'm not sure what exactly i shud write. I'd think of something.

"Moving images have delighted and fascinated people all over the world for many centuries. From the first flickering pictures to today's computer generated images there has been an extraordinary technological advances in cinema. Moving images entertain us and also influence us. They offer a fresh perspective on the way we see ourselves and others. But why is moving image always associated with film or cinema? A film can be a sequence of still images running one after another. So it proves that a moving image does not necessarily portray a physical movement. The depiction of surrealism in a realistic manner can be treated as a moving image. Dreams and imaginations are not real but they are still moving images inside our heads. In this digital world a moving image is also considered as a medium which gives an illusion of movement emotionally and intellectually. Virtual Photography is the area where the moving image technique has been used which gives a feel of emotional movement. Advertising is another area where the technique is used in its conventional manner which is producing short clips or videos."

for the 2nd last para its should be:
"Ellen Sandor formed a group called (art)n which produces PHSColograms."

thanks again. I would add more content and post it again with the web links where the video and virtual photography are located.
cvani   
Aug 18, 2010
Writing Feedback / Essay about Moving Image Technique in Advertising and Virtual Photography [4]

hello all, I have to submit an assignmnet which is an essay about moving image technique in 2 different fields advertising and virtual photography. I still have to add a lot but this is a start. since it is a 2500 words essay i am really falling short of words. also its getting a bit difficult for me to explain about what i want to write. i hope i could get some valuable help. thanks.

Also i am explaning about a particular advert and a photograph i guess understanding the essay might be a bit confusing. i'm not sure if i am allowed to post the website links here so i didn't.

As John Wyver, 1989 says moving images have delighted and fascinated people all over the world for many centuries. From the first flickering pictures to today's computer generated images there has been an extraordinary technological advances in cinema. Moving images entertain us and also influence us. They offer a fresh perspective on the way we see ourselves and others. But why is moving image always associated with film or cinema? A film can be a sequence of still images running one after another. So it proves that a moving image does not necessarily portray a physical movement. The depiction of surrealism in a realistic manner can be treated as a moving image. Dreams and imaginations are not real but they are still moving images inside our heads. In this digital world a moving image is also considered as a medium which gives an illusion of movement emotionally and intellectually. Virtual Photography is the area where the moving image technique has been used which gives a feel of emotional movement. Advertising is another area where the technique is used in its conventional manner which is producing short clips or videos.

The video based advertisement in itself is a moving image. Advertising is a way of marketing brands or products and communicating with the audience. The big budget "Smirnoff Sea" commercial is an example which makes use of the digital technology. The 60 seconds commercial won various awards including best commercial and visual effects in a commercial. The highlight of this commercial is its visual effects mainly created using the 3D software packages like Houdini and Flame. It is a combination of live action and computer generated shots.

It is a mixture of traditional visual effects - sea, splashes, large volumes of objects raining out of the air, a strong lighting component, modeling and animation. The emerging of different objects out of the sea is a particle simulation in Houdini. The 3D models of battleship, spitfires, a Lancaster bomber, Spanish galleons, Viking long ship and numerous smaller bits were created.

The first scene of the 'Sea' sets the tone perfectly for one of the most spectacular commercials. Sea presents the viewer with a series of brief shots and tableaux both bizarre and awe-inspiring.

Was it worth spending 5,000,000 pounds in a commercial? Why would they implement such high profile effects? There is a phrase in India - "The more you sell yourself the more buyers you get". One of the main reasons is to entertain the viewers. Advertising is about competing in the market and trying to make your product the best. So how effectively can I sell my product is the question that spins around the heads of all brand owners. Therefore using a different medium which is powerful and popular is necessary/important.

Advertising is also about bringing people to notice changes and special offers which this commercial clearly does. To launch the new "Smirnoff Vodka" which is ten times filtered and triple distilled is another reason why this advertisement demands those visual effects. The aim is to further increase consumer awareness of the quality and purity credentials of Smirnoff as well as to drive growth of the vodka category. The story and creativity plays a vital role in any advetisement. They create an impact of the product in a way which the viewers would never imagine. Consumers can interact with a 'Smirnoff Purifier' to blast discarded items from the sea and onto a target on the shore. Smirnoff is perceived by more than 3-quarters of consumers to be the highest quality vodka and with this advert they found an innovative way to highlight the extra ordinary lengths it goes through to achieve its purity.

Virtual Photography is the amalgamation of art and science. It is based on a theory of PHSColograms. The term PHSCologram coined in 1983 by Ellen Sandor is an acronym for photography, holography, sculpture and computer graphics (pronounced skol-o-gram). In this technique, a number of images are photographed each from a slightly different angle of view. All these rendered views of a virtual scene are digitally combined which includes the first line of every image. The process continues till a single image is formed. This blurring of images into a single piece is attached to a line screen. A black piece of film with corresponding clear lines is affixed to a piece of Plexiglas and allows a viewer to interpret the digital photograph as a three-dimensional sculptural object when backlit.

Ellen Sandor formed (art)n group which produces PHSColograms. She says "Virtual Photography is a marriage of art and science". People in (art)n believe that Virtual Photography does not limit itself for just creating appealing three dimensional pictures. It is also an experiment of producing a new form of art. They have experimented with different subjects like tribute to artists to virtual portraits, science as art, visual history, video game culture etc. They have been successful for elegantly portraying the virtual world for future generations. PHSColograms have also been called the daguerreo type of Virtual Reality. (art)n's body of work create hybrid high tech digital sculptures embodying a new way of seeing, thinking and creating a framework for the digital domain, in multiple dimensions and multiple media, across disciplinary cultures and timelines.

The (art)n artists inspired by the above design of Bruce Goff of a nondenominational chapel at the University of Oklahoma. They turned the chapel into the following picture using the PHSCologram technique.

The technique used took the original picture in a new dimension. The various bits of prism advancing out into space give a feel of motion. Refraction of light and reflection colour break up the serene environment and awaken it with new energy. A two dimensional picture is turned into a realistic three dimensional version. Comparing the two images, the digitized version looks much more lively and meaningful. If the modern picture is closely observed, the pieces of prism look like solid objects flying in the air. The use of colours gave it a new life and a strong visual impact. The perception of every individual may change but everyone would feel a sense of motion and illusion of depth. It has over turned the concept of traditional photography.
cvani   
Aug 18, 2010
Undergraduate / "A crew of ambitious engineers" - UIUC application essay [6]

Hi aabb17, i would like to post some comments on your essay.

Well you should never start with "I don't know". You may start with "I am not an artist nor I am a sculptor, yet I believe by studying engineering I can offer the world aesthetic creations that could not only alter the industries but our daily lives too." Since my childhood, I had been interested in mechanics. I was always fascinated by the machines that construct buildings, furnishing spirits to icy structures. During my high school, I embraced Physics as I knew I was born for it. I love the world of Physics where everything is simple and logical. With a pen and a piece of paper, I can extrapolate the whole universe. By understanding the principles and formulas of Physics, I can perceive the nature. I believe, I could exploit these principles to ameliorate our daily lives. Mechanics being my favorite field, I had participated in the National High School Mechanics Competition. Though I did not get into the final, I devoted myself to the competition and did my best.

When I watched the movie 'Iron Man', I was totally inspired by it. He is a true icon of a super hero who is self made without any extraneous power. He becomes a super hero using his own skills and talent. This made me realize that I could also implement my imagination to plausible inventions through engineering. My goal is to assemble a crew of ambitious engineers offering the world with efficient inventions that conciliate our daily lives or even the industries.

I tried writing it in a different way.. I'm not a pro either but i guess its better now.. what do u think? now if you have less than 300 words you cud add some bits here and there..
cvani   
Jun 4, 2010
Writing Feedback / IELTS writing task two>Compare the advantage vs. disadvantage of three media [3]

hi ssachsieh..

i think you should mention some other disadvantage of radio as when head phones are used then usually a person is not distracted by the surrounding noise.

also tv is widely used these days for educational and teaching purposes.. there are many channels which are purely for education. perhaps you should omit the line "TV has not been used as an effective teaching medium".

if you are supporting tv then you should mention why do u think its the best rather than what we should do with tv.

i hope you agree with my suggestions.
cvani   
Jun 4, 2010
Essays / Term paper "Film Critique on short film" [4]

hi lestatbetis.. i would suggest you to try and imagine a story first. if you cannot imagine yourself then go through the short stories online and gather some ideas. i'm studying animation and i learnt about story boarding. i hope you know what story boarding is. we also had to think of a story on a topic 'value' which was as short as 20 secs. so once u think about the story u have to decide on your scenes and make a story board. then it becomes really easy to direct your story. it also depends on how short you need your story.

well i guess you should try to think yourself and create any random story.adding the scenes in between can be done later but at least a start and end can be imagined. good luck and you can get back with the outline of your story.

i do have some examples but it is better if you put your own creativity first. i hope my suggestions help..
cvani   
Jul 1, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

Thanks a ton..
I want to change the second line.. could you suggest something..with the same meaning... also i want to add a word after "Maharashtra Institute of Technology" ,Pune or India.. which would be better.. the country's name or the city's name?

I am a woman with technical aptitude and a flair for the arts. After finishing school I went to pursue my career in Computer Engineering. The Maharashtra Institute of Technology gave me a strong practical and conceptual understanding of computer science. My interest in animation blossomed after the success of my project '3D modeling in Symbian Platform'. It won awards for being the most innovative project, one of the best open source software programs and the best program for a mobile application. It was also presented at the Gaming Developer's Conference at San Francisco.
cvani   
Jul 1, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

Don't know how to thank you guys...yeah..my word count is 298 now..without the spaces..what do u think about the essay now...is it fine? i hope my essay follows the reference points they had asked to follow and thank you very very much...

I am a woman with technical aptitude and a flair for the arts. After finishing school I went to pursue my career in Computer Engineering. The Maharashtra Institute of Technology gave me a strong practical and conceptual understanding of computer science. My interest in animation blossomed after the success of my project '3D modeling in Symbian Platform'. It won awards for being the most innovative project, one of the best open source software programs and the best program for a mobile application. It was also presented in Gaming Developer's Conference at San Francisco.

My experiences include teaching English to primary level children. I took an enjoyable course in 3Dsmax tool. I have also worked as an assistant animator at Savant Associates for three months. And I have been a volunteer for the past six months at Nepal Children's Organization, an orphanage. I also love playing sports and have been a part of many extra curricular activities. These experiences have given me a broader perspective on life.

Nepal is a developing country with a potential in the digital technology business. To serve the needs of this developing industry, my desire to get a graduate education becomes of utmost importance. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. I believe my strong point is the courage to face challenges added to my stress on quality and to work in group situations.

My motivation for graduate study comes from my thirst for knowledge; desire to contribute to the society and fulfilling my objective. The research facilities and the faculty at the university are excellent. BU's program would be a great environment to build upon my previous knowledge, take my creativity to the next level, and to hone my ideas and abilities both conceptually and aesthetically.
cvani   
Jun 30, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

Thank you so much both of you... well even after taking these lines out, hardly 20 words were eliminated...the essay still has 380 words.. can the first two sentences be merged to make a single line as "I am a woman with technical aptitude with a flair for the arts."? except for this can't see anything that can be reduced..

also what about eliminating this line??
"To give back the society more than what receive(d) is more or less what I have in mind."

"It was also presented in Gaming Developer's Conference (GDC) 2007 held at San Francisco."
I have mentioned this line in my sop too so can this be eliminated as well?? but its my plus point too...
cvani   
Jun 30, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

Thanks Sean.. i won't add that sentence at all.. i guess i've mentioned the points they wanted me to refer.. now the thing is how to make it a 300 word essay...

I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am a woman with technical aptitude and an interest in animation. In retrospect I see that my academic career has proceeded in the best possible way so far. After finishing school I went to pursue my career in Computer Engineering. In my undergraduate studies, I have benefited from the breadth of Maharashtra Institute of Technology's syllabi content that has given me a comprehension exposure and a strong conceptual understanding of computer science.

My interest in animation blossomed after the success of my project '3D modeling (gaming) in Symbian Platform'. It won awards for being the most innovative project, one of the best open source software programs and the best program for a mobile application. It was also presented in Gaming Developer's Conference (GDC) 2007 held at San Francisco.

My experiences include teaching English to primary level children. I have had a course in 3Dsmax tool which I enjoyed. I have also worked as an assistant animator at Savant Associates for three months. And I have been a volunteer for the past six months at Nepal Children's Organization, an orphanage. Besides these, I love playing sports and have been a part of most of the extra curricular activities since school. These experiences have given me a broader perspective to and a good understanding of life and a goal to aim for.

Animation industry has changed our lives. It is one industry that has been growing rapidly since centuries.
Moreover, Nepal is a developing country with a potential in the digital technology business. To serve the needs of this developing industry and to lead the country towards technology, my desire to get a graduate education becomes of utmost importance. To give back the society more than what receive(d) is more or less what I have in mind. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. I believe my strong point is the courage to face challenges added to my stress on quality, in all my actions and to work in group situations.

My motivation for graduate study comes from my thirst for knowledge; desire to contribute to the society and fulfilling my objective. The research facilities and the faculty at the university are excellent. I believe BU will give me a leading edge to work effectively in diverse teams and situations. Hence BU's program would be a great environment in which to build upon my previous knowledge, take my creativity to the next level, and to hone my ideas and abilities both conceptually and aesthetically.
cvani   
Jun 30, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

Thank you for your suggestions. as u mentioned i tried to improve the essay, please have a look.

I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am a woman with technical aptitude and an interest in animation. In retrospect I see that my academic career has proceeded in the best possible way so far. After finishing school I went to pursue my career in Computer Engineering. In my undergraduate studies, I have benefited from the breadth of Maharashtra Institute of Technology's syllabi content that has given me a comprehension exposure and a strong conceptual understanding of computer science.

...
cvani   
Jun 28, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

simone you read my mind... i felt the same cause i myself am a poor writer and when i went thru other people's essays i found all of them nice and well written. anyways thanks for your advice.

I've tried to write my essay plz have a look..

I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am a woman with technical aptitude and an interest in animation. In retrospect I see that my academic career has proceeded in the best possible way so far. I passed out from one of the finest schools in the city, Modern Indian School. In my undergraduate studies, I have benefited from the breadth of Maharashtra Institute of Technology's syllabi content that has given me a comprehension exposure and a strong conceptual understanding of computer science.

My interest in animation blossomed after the success of my project '3D modeling (gaming) in Symbian Platform'. This has been my most substantial accomplishment. Animation industry has changed our lives. It is one industry that has been growing rapidly since centuries.

My decision to pursue graduate study in the UK is underscored by my desire to be a part of the graduate program at your institution. BU offers the flexibility needed for such a vast and rapidly changing field. The research facilities and the faculty at the university are par excellent. Hence BU's program would be a great environment in which to build upon my previous knowledge, take my creativity to the next level, and to hone my ideas and abilities both conceptually and aesthetically.

Nepal is a developing country with a potential in the digital technology business. To serve the needs of this developing industry and to lead the country towards technology, my desire to get a graduate education becomes of utmost importance. I wish to fulfill my aspirations when I return after getting the experience from there.

My experiences include serving as a volunteer in Nepal Children's Organization, a child orphanage. I have been an English teacher as well. And I've practiced 3Dsmax tool being an assistant animator for three months. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. These experiences have given me a broader perspective to and a good understanding of life and a goal to aim for.

I look forward to shaping my career in the halls of BU which will give me a leading edge to work effectively in diverse teams and situations.

I didn't write anything for no.3 and what do u think i should write for no. 5 and 7??
cvani   
Jun 28, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

I have worked as an assistant animator at Savant Associates, Nepal for three months. I was basically a volunteer practicing the 3Dsmax tool for which I had taken a course. My goal is to work as a designer for game companies or animation films.

As I belong to a different country, my creative qualities would reflect my background. (Plz elaborate this for no. 5)

My greatest achievement has to be the success of my project '3D Modeling (Gaming) in Symbian Platform. The project won many awards and was very appreciated.

Plz check all these paragraphs and help me in connecting them making the essay as short as possible. Thanks...
cvani   
Jun 28, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

I have got all my academic knowledge from English medium institutes. English has been a part of my studies since I began learning. I have also given the IELTS test where I got a good result.

The technology motivates me to gain more knowledge so that I could utilize my skills to the growth of digital industry in my country. I wish to see Nepal following the latest technologies.

I have served as a volunteer in Nepal Children's Organization, a child orphanage. My work involved organizing various events like spelling contest, quiz contest and other co-curricular activities. I have also taught English to kindergarten children.

these are the paragraphs for no. 3, 7, 8 and 9. these are written in very simple language. I'll be writing for no.4, 5 and 6 as well.
cvani   
Jun 28, 2009
Scholarship / 'Bournemouth University has one of the most advance educations in the world' - BU scholarship essay [31]

hi again.. this time need help for the scholarship essay..
here are the points i need to refer to while writing the essay. and it has to be just of 300 words not more than that.

1. reasons for applying at BU and how will it help u in the future.
2. your existing academic record and where u achieved an exemplary standard in your studies.
3. proven level of english proficiency.
4. professional experience to date and your career aspirations.
5. how would u bring an exciting and valuable global perspective to your course at BU.
6. Outstanding achievements in the face of adversity and personal achievements.
7. what motivates you?
8. service to community or charitable work.
9. your intentions upon returning your home country.

don't know how to start..and finding it hard to connect the above points.. for no 1 and 2 i've written the following..

BU has one of the most advance educations in the world. BU's NCCA has the tie-ups with leading companies in the games industry, including Codemasters, Lionhead Studios and Rare. The University's major partners in the film industry include Framestore CFC and Dreamworks. Hence BU's program would be a great environment in which to build upon my previous knowledge, take my creativity to the next level, and to hone my ideas and abilities both conceptually and aesthetically.

My academic career has proceeded in the best possible way so far. I passed out from one of the finest schools in the city, Modern Indian School. As a culmination of my efforts, I qualified for admission into the prestigious Maharashtra Institute of Technology affiliated to Pune University, India. In my undergraduate studies, I have benefited from the breadth of Pune University's syllabi content that has given me a comprehension exposure and a strong conceptual understanding of computer science.
cvani   
May 2, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

As an engineer, I am an artist. My interest in arts dates back to my years in school, when drawing was my pastime. The habit of drawing widened my horizon towards arts and creativity. But since I excelled in academics, I was bound to study science. This led me to pursue my career in Computer Engineering. Life was not easy during my undergraduate studies; I was diagnosed with fibromyalgia. I suffered through that difficult phase where I had to leave my studies for the treatment. But my struggle, patience and determination paid off and I earned a bachelor's degree.

ok done.. i'm gonna make this my final paragraph. thank u once again.
cvani   
May 1, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

For the 2nd para I think I should write "As a volunteer I was inspired by their zest for life"

I've tried writing the first paragraph again. What do u think about this one?

I don't know if the ideas are well connected this time..
cvani   
May 1, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

(...) I am excited about the fact that BU-based National Centre for Computer Animation (NCCA) has close working relationships with leading games and film industries. 3D World magazine has rated the NCCA as the best place to study computer animation in the UK and as number eight in the world. I am equally excited about the bystander effects related research being carried out by Professor Jian Zhang and his colleagues. (...)

I guess this is it then.. the final version of my sop. I suppose it has turned out well.. what do u say??
and thanks a million for the help.. I might trouble u again in future..
cvani   
Apr 30, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

It was a difficult phase where I had to leave my studies for the treatment. (But my struggle, patience, and determination paid off and I earned a bachelor's degree.) As I believe in being perseverance, this is what helped me to earn a bachelor's degree.

well i could think of this line only. have a look. which one is better the previous one(inside the bracket) or this one. And i asked u about the para before the last one where i've written about the university.. how do i relate this para with the one before it? do i need to add a line at the beginning of this para the 2nd last paragraph??? i hope u got my question.
cvani   
Apr 29, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

Thank you very much.. i think i don't need to add a line at the end because i'm starting the next para saying the same. what do u think?? and which one sentence to get rid of? is it one inside the bracket? and what do u suggest about the 2nd last para?? how do i relate that para with the previous one? do i need to add a sentence at the beginning of this para?

SHIVANI SHRESTHA
cvani   
Apr 28, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

I really appreciate your help. thank u so much... but could u suggest sth better for the first two paras? sth more to add? i don't know... ok i'll post the entire statement.
cvani   
Apr 28, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

i've made some changes but still not satisfied with the first two paras. and what about the rest? before the last para i have to add a para about the university i'm applying to. and what about the sentences inside the brakets ()? do i need to mention them? plz help...
cvani   
Apr 27, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

thanks a lot for your suggestions...i get your point but how do i link the ideas? i'm finding it hard to write it. is my writing too childish? i want to let them know that though i am an engineer i've always been interested in arts. also i've crossed a difficult phase where i had to leave my studies for a year.. i don't know how to express all these things...
cvani   
Apr 25, 2009
Graduate / Statement of Purpose "An Award for Drawing" [25]

Statement of Purpose

As an engineer, I am an artist. During my school days whenever I had free time I used to draw something. As my life progressed I was more fascinated with art and creativity. But since I excelled in academics, I was bound to study science. This led me to pursue my career in Computer Engineering. During the course I suffered from a disease called fibromyalgia. It was a difficult phase where I had to leave my studies for the treatment. (But my struggle, patience, and determination paid off and I earned a bachelor's degree.) As I believe in being perseverance, this is what helped me to earn a bachelor's degree.

Besides these works; I love doing social work. I've served as a volunteer in Nepal Children's Organization (NCO), a child orphanage. This placement has taught me to make the most of every opportunity in life and take positives from every situation. The children are so open-minded and adorable. They have given me so much more joy, love and inspiration than I could have imagined. In spite of their disabilities and poor background they are so positive, loving and hardworking. As a volunteer you would be inspired by their zest for life. It was a personally satisfying experience. My other interests include photography and interior designing.

3D World magazine has rated the BU-based National Centre for Computer Animation as the best place to study computer animation in the UK and as number eight in the world. NCCA has close working relationships with leading games and film industries. I am excited about the bystander effects related research being carried out by Professor Jian Zhang and his colleagues. The creation of a digital version of the Beijing National Opera is appealing. These stimulate my desire to pursue graduate degree at BU. Also, a chance of learning from experience of distinguished and renowned faculties at BU will certainly entice any individual hungry for knowledge.

SHIVANI SHRESTHA
Do You Need
Writing
or Editing Help?
Fill in one of the forms below to get professional help with your assignments:

Graduate Writing / Editing:
GraduateWriter form ◳

Best Essay Service:
CustomPapers form ◳

Excellence in Editing:
Rose Editing ◳

AI-Paper Rewriting:
Robot Rewrite ◳