Submitted to: Paul Franckowiak
Submitted by: Mohammed Alhajri
Date: 25 July 2016
Introduction
Ending pregnancy with medical sources is known as the abortion. Abortion is a controversial concept that is still looking for some absolute agreement. It can bring physical and psychological problem for women. There are different type of abortion on medical basis (Craig)
Hypothesis
A.Abortion rates are high in developing countries where income levels are low (Jones).
B.Many health risks are associated with abortions (Elshtain)
C.Abortion can be either legal or illegal, but it depends on upon circumstances ad legislation of that country (Donohue).
Research objectives
In this paper, Focus will be on legal and illegal aspects of abortion (Tooley). We will analyze how abortion can affect human health in adverse or favorable manners. The major purpose of this topic is to analyze different ways, which can play its core role in order to avoid the illegal abortion (Thomson). It has found that abortion relates to the social matters and level of prosperity in developing countries (Stray-Pedersen). In this study, we will focus on the factors which are resulting in high abortion rates in developing countries. In such countries where income levels are low, abortion rates are high. People do not have enough resource to feed their children, so they prefer abortion because they are unable to fulfill the basic needs of their children
Body paragraphs
England, Wales of Great Britain and Scotland have laws of legal abortion till 24 weeks of pregnancy (Shah). In the US abortion became legal in 1973. In 1829, according to new rules in New York abortion become illegal. There are different types of abortion. Major classes and types of abortions include NHS abortion and Private abortion (Petchesky).
There are many risks associated with abortions. Abortion can result in Physical health problems. It had found that there are Low chances of getting pregnant again among those women who have an abortion in their past. Major complication includes the Hemorrhage, which can be caused because of abortion. Abortion can also become the cause of Damage to the cervix (Norris).
Developing countries have a high birth rate in comparison to developed countries. In developing countries exceeding population work as labor (Kero). People in developing countries are not much informed about the contraception and other birth control measures (Norris). Women in developing countries are not career oriented (Petchesky).
There are many factors, which can become the cause of the increase in the abortion rates. These factors are as follows:
I.Social factor that shows concept of sex after marriage
II.Increasing time interval between puberty and marriage
III.Financial problems (Norris).
IV.Career oriented women who do not have a child
We can avoid illegal abortion by adopting following ways:
I.Increasing sex education in society (Hahn).
II.Increase education about birth control measures
III.Controlling rate of unwanted pregnancies (Mukkavaara).
IV.Restrict public funding for abortion on federal level (Hahn)
Methodology
I.Qualitative research
II.Evaluation of previous research works like journals and articles
III.Observation of scenario that calls for abortion
Conclusion
By summing up all it can be said that there are different factors which are leading to increasing in abortion rates so if we want to control abortion rates, then we have to account for all these factors, either these are social factors or economic factors. Proprieties of people can be different. Termination of pregnancy faces an ethical and moral violation. It has found that Reason of terminating a pregnancy can be different.
Works Cited
Craig, B. H., & OBrien, D. M. "Abortion and American politics." (1993).
Donohue, J., & Levitt, S. "The impact of legalized abortion on crime(No. w8004). ." National Bureau of Economic Research. (2000).
Elshtain, J. B. "Reflections on Abortion, Values, and the Family. ." Springer US. (1984): InAbortion (pp. 47-72).
Hahn, U., & Oaksford, M. "A Bayesian approach to informal argument fallacies. ." Synthese, (2006): 152(2), 207-236.
Jones, K., & Chaloner, C. " Ethics of abortion: the arguments for and against. ." Nursing standard, (2007): 21(37), 45-48.
Kero, A., Högberg, U., & Lalos, A. "Wellbeing and mental growth-long-term effects of legal abortion." Social Science & Medicine, (2004): 58(12), 2559-2569.
Mukkavaara, I., Öhrling, K., & Lindberg, I. "Women's experiences after an induced second trimester abortion. ." Midwifery, (2012): 28(5), e720-e725.
Norris, A., Bessett, D., Steinberg, J. R., Kavanaugh, M. L., De Zordo, S., & Becker, D. " Abortion stigma: a reconceptualization of constituents, causes, and consequences. ." Women's Health Issues, (2011): 21(3), S49-S54.
Petchesky, R. P. " Abortion and womans choice: the state sexuality and reproductive freedom." (1990).
Shah, I., & Ĺhman, E. " Age patterns of unsafe abortion in developing country regions." Reproductive health matters, (2004): 12(24), 9-17.
Stray-Pedersen, B., & Stray-Pedersen, S. "Etiologic factors and subsequent reproductive performance in 195 couples with a prior history of habitual abortion. ." American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, (1984): 148(2), 140-146.
Thomson, J. J. A defense of abortion. In Biomedical ethics and the law (pp. 39-54). Springer US, 1976.
Tooley, M. "Abortion and infanticide. ." Philosophy & Public Affairs, (1972): 37-65.
Submitted by: Mohammed Alhajri
Date: 25 July 2016
Topic: Abortion (Rough draft)
Introduction
Ending pregnancy with medical sources is known as the abortion. Abortion is a controversial concept that is still looking for some absolute agreement. It can bring physical and psychological problem for women. There are different type of abortion on medical basis (Craig)
Hypothesis
A.Abortion rates are high in developing countries where income levels are low (Jones).
B.Many health risks are associated with abortions (Elshtain)
C.Abortion can be either legal or illegal, but it depends on upon circumstances ad legislation of that country (Donohue).
Research objectives
In this paper, Focus will be on legal and illegal aspects of abortion (Tooley). We will analyze how abortion can affect human health in adverse or favorable manners. The major purpose of this topic is to analyze different ways, which can play its core role in order to avoid the illegal abortion (Thomson). It has found that abortion relates to the social matters and level of prosperity in developing countries (Stray-Pedersen). In this study, we will focus on the factors which are resulting in high abortion rates in developing countries. In such countries where income levels are low, abortion rates are high. People do not have enough resource to feed their children, so they prefer abortion because they are unable to fulfill the basic needs of their children
Body paragraphs
England, Wales of Great Britain and Scotland have laws of legal abortion till 24 weeks of pregnancy (Shah). In the US abortion became legal in 1973. In 1829, according to new rules in New York abortion become illegal. There are different types of abortion. Major classes and types of abortions include NHS abortion and Private abortion (Petchesky).
There are many risks associated with abortions. Abortion can result in Physical health problems. It had found that there are Low chances of getting pregnant again among those women who have an abortion in their past. Major complication includes the Hemorrhage, which can be caused because of abortion. Abortion can also become the cause of Damage to the cervix (Norris).
Developing countries have a high birth rate in comparison to developed countries. In developing countries exceeding population work as labor (Kero). People in developing countries are not much informed about the contraception and other birth control measures (Norris). Women in developing countries are not career oriented (Petchesky).
There are many factors, which can become the cause of the increase in the abortion rates. These factors are as follows:
I.Social factor that shows concept of sex after marriage
II.Increasing time interval between puberty and marriage
III.Financial problems (Norris).
IV.Career oriented women who do not have a child
We can avoid illegal abortion by adopting following ways:
I.Increasing sex education in society (Hahn).
II.Increase education about birth control measures
III.Controlling rate of unwanted pregnancies (Mukkavaara).
IV.Restrict public funding for abortion on federal level (Hahn)
Methodology
I.Qualitative research
II.Evaluation of previous research works like journals and articles
III.Observation of scenario that calls for abortion
Conclusion
By summing up all it can be said that there are different factors which are leading to increasing in abortion rates so if we want to control abortion rates, then we have to account for all these factors, either these are social factors or economic factors. Proprieties of people can be different. Termination of pregnancy faces an ethical and moral violation. It has found that Reason of terminating a pregnancy can be different.
Works Cited
Craig, B. H., & OBrien, D. M. "Abortion and American politics." (1993).
Donohue, J., & Levitt, S. "The impact of legalized abortion on crime(No. w8004). ." National Bureau of Economic Research. (2000).
Elshtain, J. B. "Reflections on Abortion, Values, and the Family. ." Springer US. (1984): InAbortion (pp. 47-72).
Hahn, U., & Oaksford, M. "A Bayesian approach to informal argument fallacies. ." Synthese, (2006): 152(2), 207-236.
Jones, K., & Chaloner, C. " Ethics of abortion: the arguments for and against. ." Nursing standard, (2007): 21(37), 45-48.
Kero, A., Högberg, U., & Lalos, A. "Wellbeing and mental growth-long-term effects of legal abortion." Social Science & Medicine, (2004): 58(12), 2559-2569.
Mukkavaara, I., Öhrling, K., & Lindberg, I. "Women's experiences after an induced second trimester abortion. ." Midwifery, (2012): 28(5), e720-e725.
Norris, A., Bessett, D., Steinberg, J. R., Kavanaugh, M. L., De Zordo, S., & Becker, D. " Abortion stigma: a reconceptualization of constituents, causes, and consequences. ." Women's Health Issues, (2011): 21(3), S49-S54.
Petchesky, R. P. " Abortion and womans choice: the state sexuality and reproductive freedom." (1990).
Shah, I., & Ĺhman, E. " Age patterns of unsafe abortion in developing country regions." Reproductive health matters, (2004): 12(24), 9-17.
Stray-Pedersen, B., & Stray-Pedersen, S. "Etiologic factors and subsequent reproductive performance in 195 couples with a prior history of habitual abortion. ." American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, (1984): 148(2), 140-146.
Thomson, J. J. A defense of abortion. In Biomedical ethics and the law (pp. 39-54). Springer US, 1976.
Tooley, M. "Abortion and infanticide. ." Philosophy & Public Affairs, (1972): 37-65.
