Please read this argumentative essay on whether the effects of commercial climbing on Mount Everest and its surrounding areas are beneficial or otherwise. All critiques are welcome and appreciated. (grade 10 advanced class)
Five-Mile High Wasteland
As one of the seven Natural Wonders of the World, it was important to Edmund Hillary, who was the first to summit the tallest mountain in the world along with Tenzing Norgay, to protect Mount Everest and support the Khumbu region that surrounds it. After reaching the top of the world, he had begun to notice the decline of the environment in the Himalayas, and pressed to make Everest and the surrounding areas a National Park. The Nepalese agreed that the area should be protected, but because the government could not afford to fund the project, Hillary reached out to the New Zealand government for the funds. In addition to Hillary's advocacy towards the environment, he also set up the Sir Edmund Hillary Foundation, which assisted the people of Nepal. The Sir Edmund Hillary Foundation built hospitals and clinics, two airstrips, and seventeen schools. However, Hillary did not anticipate the tourists that would eventually come in through those airstrips. When commercial climbing began to become a popular trade, Hillary spoke out against it, saying "I find it all rather sad. I like to think of Everest as a great mountaineering challenge, and when you've got people just streaming up the mountain - well, many of them are just climbing it to get their name in the paper really ... It's all (ridiculous) on Everest these days" (Shaikh/Orr 2008).
The excessive climbing of Mount Everest is harmful to the mountain's environment and to the surrounding communities. The vast amount of climbers that pay to be guided up the mountain leave litter behind on the mountain, which is extremely difficult to remove due to the high altitudes and dangerous terrain. The large number of climbers and tourists have overwhelmed the small villages in the Khumbu region, which are now filled with pollution and waste. This has also promoted the building and usage of more factories, which are harmful to the environment. In addition to all of this the great amount of income the commercial climbing brings benefits only those businesses that have managed to succeed in the tourism industry, increasing the income inequality.
With the growth of commercial climbing on Everest comes the growth of trash that litters the peaks of the mountain. When climbing the mountain, climbers, especially the more inexperienced ones, have been known to discard of their trash and other equipment on the mountain. Such equipment includes "thousands of oxygen cylinders, gas cartridges, old tents, ropes, carcasses, as well as all sorts of human waste" (Allee 2011). This occurs because there is no effective way of collecting and disposing of trash high on the mountain nor any way to prevent the emergency circumstances in which climbers must leave behind equipment or neglect to take down tents. In order for this litter to brought down, climbing expeditions must be made up the mountain with the sole purpose of gathering as much trash as possible. Just last year a cleaning expedition "collected 1.5 tons of garbage brought down by climbers form the mountain, including remains of a helicopter that had crashed into the slopes during the 1970s" (Mathema 2013).
Similar problems with pollution occur in the surrounding communities. Before the expansion of tourism in the Khumbu region, the economy was based on substainable agriculture. In other words, each household was self-sufficient and produced food to be sold or traded. However, "increasing focus on tourism has marginalized the traditional local subsistence agriculture shifting it to transitional agriculture system" (Shrestha 6). Now there are more factories, which in turn leads to more pollution in the region and on the mountain. Tests show that the smoke from the factories is producing high levels of arsenic and cadmium in the snow high on the mountain. This snow runs off into rivers which the surrounding communities use to drink and clean. Tourism has also caused an increase in waste in these areas because they are unable "to cope with the solid waste or pollution; there are no recycling or waste management facilities at all" (Allee 2011). This has created deplorable living conditions for those in the Khumbu region.
A popular argument supporting the opinion that commercial climbing and tourism has brought prosperity and attention to Everest could be made in the case of those Sherpas and lodgers who were lucky enough to benefit from the influx of money, but many of the residents unable to take advantage of the commercial climbing industry in the area have only grown poorer. The income inequality has grown significantly since commercial climbing and tourism came to the region. Studies have shown that "households in villages which are not optimal for tourism have significantly lower incomes compared to households that are involved in high paying mountaineering employment or other tourism based businesses" (Shrestha 5). In other words, while some Sherpas and other business owners, such as lodgers and guides, become wealthy from the large profit jobs in mountaineering, those who have not made it in the commercial climbing business, which is a great deal of the population, become increasingly poor in comparison to these others. Therefore, when the prices inflate because the wealthy are becoming wealthier, those on the other side of the income inequality will be left being able to afford less and less.
In conclusion, the overall effects of commercial climbing on Mount Everest have produced, tons of garbage on Mount Everest that requires extreme efforts to remove from the mountain, pollution and waste throughout the villages in the Khumbu region due to the area's inability to handle so many people in such small villages, air pollution from factories which are present in the snow high on the mountain, and an increasing income inequality between the wealthy and the less fortunate. The benefits of excessive commercial climbing are heavily outweighed by the disadvantages, and taking a heavy toll on Everest and its people.
Works Cited
Allee, Hofhaymer. "Saving Mt. Everest Project 2011-2012." Savingmounteverest. EcoHimal, 17 Nov. 2011.
Goldenberg, Suzanne. "The Mission to Clean up Mount Everest." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 13 Dec. 0023.
"Government Fails to Exploit Mount Everest Economically | Ktm2day ||| Ktm2day." Ktm2day Ktm2day Government Fails to Exploit Mount Everest Economically Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
Marshall, Michael. "Mt. Everst Shows Signs of Pollution." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 06 Dec. 2010. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
Mathema, Paavan. "Trash to Treasure: Turning Mt. Everest Waste into Art." CNN. Cable News Network, 16 Jan. 2013. Web. 05 Feb. 2013.
"Sir Edmund Hillary Biography." Academy of Achievement. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Stevens, Stanley F. "Tourism, Change, and Continuity in the Mount Everst Region, Nepal." JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
Tshering Sherpa, Ang. "The Facts and Economics of Mountaineering in Nepal." - UIAA. UIAA, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.After reaching the topof the worldworld's highest geographical spot , he had begun to notice the decline of the environment in the Himalayas, and pressed to makefelt the need for making Everest and the surrounding areas a National Park.
... this is a bit tricky as it tends to give a different meaning; top also refers to positions other than geographical locations :)
The Nepalese agreed that the area should be protected, but because the government could not afford to fund the project, Hillary reached out to the New Zealand government for the funds.In addition to Hillary's advocacy towards the environment, he also set up the Sir Edmund Hillary Foundation, which assisted the people of Nepal.
Although the Nepalese acknowledged the necessity of protecting the area, the Nepalese government lacked the funds to afford this project. Therefore Hillary approached the New Zealand government for funding the project. Further, he set up the Sir Edmund Hillary Foundation with the objective of assisting Nepalese people.However, Hillary did not anticipate the tourists that would eventually come in through those airstrips.
However, Hillary did not anticipate the possibility of this place becoming touristic through these airstrips.