Writing Feedback / Hula dance takes an important role in Hawaiian culture as a part of ritual in honor of gods. [2]

IELTS SUMMARY 8 Hula Dancing In Hawaiian Culture

Hula dance takes an important role in Hawaiian culture as a part of ritual in honor of gods. Although the origin of Hula dance can be track in Hawaiian mythology even though in reality, it is impossible to know precisely when hula dance was firstly appeared. In the eighteenth century Hula dance was discouraged as a result of the contact with European culture, but, King David Kalakaua reviving hula dance in the late nineteenth century. Later, in the 1960s modern hula dance are developed to attract more tourist.

Difference between traditional and modern hula dance is based on the atmosphere. When traditional hula is an energetic dance with accompaniment of chants and the beating of drums, modern hula dance is slower and graceful with flowing guitar and ukulele music. Eventually, hula dance more recognized outside Hawaii island and becoming the icon of Hawaii island.

Writing Feedback / TED Summary Peter Singer: The Why and How of Effective Altruism [4]

Peter Singer stated that 6.9 million children died each year in 2011 caused by preventable disease, while most people spent their money for something they didn't really need like vacation or buy a new car. Peter Singer introducing effective altruism that is movement which promoting effective and rational donation. For example: rather than spend 40.000 dollars for trained a guide dog for one blind people in America it will be better if spend 40.000 dollars for cure blind people in developing country which each people cost about 20 up to 50 dollars.

Peter Singer also stated that people should have moral obligation to help other people even though they are far away from where we live. Physical distance, race or nationality difference didn't have morally relevance as reason for not help other people.

Writing Feedback / Cars have been used as public transportation since early twentieth century [3]

IELTS SUMMARY 7 Electric Cars Around the Globe

Cars have been used as public transportation since early twentieth century, even though gas-powered cars polluted urban area with exhaust and consumed gasoline which is irreplaceable resources. But technology advance offer the new alternative for eco-friendly public transportation such as electric car which is more quitter and don't produce greenhouse gases. Many major brands like Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota, and Mercedes Benz produce electric cars and distributing around the world.

Electric cars were invented in early twentieth century even though it didn't gained much popularity because they were not able to travel the required distances and their slow speed. But now, the most advance sport electric car that can travel 300 miles on a single charges and accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in3.7 seconds. Electric cars are the new answer for urban life problem like air pollution and oil price rising.

Writing Feedback / Europe is the pioneer in underground railways system. Comparison. [3]

IELTS SUMMARY 6 Major Subways of Europe

Europe is the pioneer in underground railways system as public transportation and London was built the first subway in the world which opened in 1863. At this time, train still used steam engine and the smoke must be released through the vent in the surface. Otherwise, in 1825 London was build pedestrian tunnel under the Thames River which is the first underwater tunnel in the world.

Paris also built a subway to compete London and opened when Olympic held in Paris in 1900. Paris metro is known for its beauty which decorated with mosaic, sculptures, paintings, and innovative doors and walls. After that Moscow built underground railway in 1935 which filled with artworks like statuary, painting, and mosaic.

Except for transportation, underground railways have many advantages. For example, subway was used as bomb shelters when World War II, and Moscow subways also was used as military headquarters.

Writing Feedback / The oldest form of circus has existed in Roman Empire around sixth century [2]

IELTS SUMMARY 5 HISTORY OF THE CIRCUS

The oldest form of circus has been existed in Roman Empire around sixth century B.C. Circus Maximus was public entertainment at that moment containing chariot races, gladiator fight, and exhibits of exotic animals. When Roman Empire fall, the circus reduced to small member include performer and animal trainer and travel around the world.

When the Dark Ages, the circus went from one village to another village and entertained people. However, in the Dark Ages leisure time was extremely rare, but people still have few opportunities to enjoyed circus performance. Modern circus was founded by an Englishman named Philip Astley during late 1700s. Philip was invented some performance like stunt riding in the horseback and performed in a circus ring. After Astley's death, the circus already known in America during the early 1800. Joshua Brown introduced portable tents in 1825 and used by modern circus until now.

Writing Feedback / Nowadays, people assume that muscles are the main factor which determine athlete performance [5]

IElTS SUMMARY 4 Peripheral Vision in Sports

Until up recently, people assumed that muscle are the main factor which determine athlete performances, but it proved that athlete's visual ability have the main role for athlete performance. When athlete performing sports, they must keep track as much as possible while performing physical maneuvers and tracking fast objects. Otherwise, athlete's body position must integrate with eye movement to assist in balance. Other aspect like environment also contributes to athlete visual sharpness like sufficient lightning, non-confusing uniform color combinations.

Athlete's rate of blinking also influenced their vision, when athlete blinking about two and a half seconds every minute and more than that if athlete is anxious. Blinking cause rapid blur that happen when athlete's eyes move in and out of focus on specific objects. For anticipation, more practice will serve the athlete well, in many ways.

Writing Feedback / Taklimakan desert occupy about 337.600 square km of northwestern China [3]

Plant Life in The Taklimakan Desert

Taklimakan desert occupy about 337.600 square km of northwestern China and consist of sand dunes up to 250 m tall, daily temperature up to 68 F and lack of water. But some plant form has developed unique mechanism that adapted to extreme temperature and high-salt soil. For example, desert plants like Euphrates poplar has an extensive root that allow to absorb water far away. Otherwise, P. euphratica have ability to opening and closing the stomata for minimize evaporation and conducts photosynthesis. And Tamarisk plant, have high tolerance for salty conditions and produces its own salt for repellent another plant.

Although under extreme condition, desert plants have some benefits for ecosystem. For example, desert plants like Euphrates have extensive root and stabilizing sand dunes and preventing erosion. Otherwise, desert plants also becoming home and protect some animals in the desert from predator or extreme temperature.

Writing Feedback / Birds abilities to navigate through very long distance has fascinating observers for centuries [2]

IELTS SUMMARY 2 BIRDS MIGRATION

Many kinds of animal travel each year from cold to warmer place to breed and survive, and probably bird migration are the most interesting from other animals. The most common of bird migration is travelling to higher latitudes during the warm season and returning to lower latitudes for nesting and feed the young. During migration birds fly for a limit period, probably about six to eight hours and take a distance about several hundred miles. However, some birds undertake much longer flights when their routes include large amount of water. For example, some bird regularly crossing the Gulf of Mexico and flight continuously up to 1000 miles.

How bird ability to navigate through very long distance has fascinating observer for century. Researchers found that migratory bird have some ability to navigate through extraterrestrial object like stars and sun or geographic features like mountain or sea coast.

Writing Feedback / Logging industry can affect forests by loss of water, nutrients, and shelter for living organisms [3]

IELTS SUMMARY 1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF LOGGING

Logging industry supplied for an array of products. However, this can harm environment like habitat loss, and climate change. Logging industry can affect the forest like loss of water, nutrients, and shelter for plants, animals, and microorganism.

logging can affect on soil. For example, the rainforest floor, which have leaves and branches intercepting heavy rainfall to prevent soil damage, the roots also prevent erosion. Trees also helps maintain a steady water and the shade inhibits the growth of algae. Logging lead to oxygen depletion, killing fish and other wildlife. Tree also against air pollution with remove carbon dioxide and filter pollutants from air. Deforestation is responsible about one-fifth of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.

Protecting forest can be done with responsible logging and ensure biodiversity and habitats are protected. Responsible logging also prevent global warming and climate change for future generations.