Writing Feedback / Extreme Weather is Behind Record Lows in Butterfly Populations [3]

British butterfly could be under threat from increasingly frequent episodes of extreme weather according to researcher data from the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS). The team found that rainfall level during the cocoon life stage affected more than a quarter of butterfly species in the UK. Aldina Franco from the University of East Anglia stated that this phenomenon comes out from over-wintering too early and subsequently be killed off by colder conditions.

Again, Franco stated that "years with extreme warm summers and winters may have mixed effects" She conduct a study to demonstrated previously unknown sensitivities of UK butterflies to extreme climate events, which are becoming more frequent with climate change. Otherwise, some of the climate effects are undoubtedly putting future populations at risk, such as warm winters. However, we have seen that warm and even climatically extreme hot summers may actually benefit butterflies."

Writing Feedback / Lightbulb made of modified E. coli fuses Biology and Electronics [2]

A group of students from Newcastle in the UK are attempting to combine electronic engineering and synthetic biology to create a light bulb. The bulb is meant to switch on when the bacteria experience heat stress from a miniature microbial fuel cell which is a device that acts as a battery by harnessing electrical energy from the action of microbes. They also designed a circuit to connect the bulb and the power source in the hopes of creating a kit that can snap together as easily as a Lego set.

The project will debut in International Genetically Engineering Machine competition, an annual global competition that ends in a synthetic biology science fair called the Giant Jamboree. Although they failed to get the fuel cell to activate the lightbulb in the final round of testing, team member ollie Burton says the main goal is to create a toolkit that will encourage others to build on the idea.

Writing Feedback / The idea of banned air transportation is not the best solution for air pollution [4]

Restriction air travel is the only way to prevent air pollution
Do you agree or disagree?

Nowadays, many people travelled around the world faster and more easily thanks to air transportation. Many travelers are likely to choose air transportation because of their efficiency and cheap. Although air transportation is contributed to air pollution, the idea of banned air transportation is not the best solution.

Those support the restriction of air travel believe that this restriction will reduce a large quantity of air pollution. According to Green peace organisation, the quantity of air pollution, produce in a single travel from New York to London takes 1,3 tonne of emission. A very large number. And around the world at least there is a 500 flight every day. Such a big air pollution will harm our world and pollution in the sky will cause acid rain. People who support the idea of air pollution restriction believe that air transportation is taking a majority of problem-related to the environment.

However, there are a number of reasons why the restriction of air pollution is a bad idea. The first reason is; air pollution is the most efficient transportation compared other transportation. For example, people who take a journey from Surabaya to Jayapura with ship need at least one week to arrive at the destination. Meanwhile, with the plane it only takes 5 hours. Not only this, air transportation also transports a lot of goods from other countries. As the result, the global trade will more efficient. Finally, air transportation is the only reliable transportation in several small districts in developing countries.

In conclusion, it is evidence that air transportation is the most efficient transportation and ireservable with other transportation. I hope that in the future the air travel would be eco-friendlier for the continuation of the world.

Writing Feedback / Fish Swims to the Same Nest Each Year Just Like Migrating Birds [2]

Fish also migrated to same nest each year, but unlike migratory bird such as white storks or swallows, the fish does not migrate over long distances. Instead, it disappears for the month and travelling offshore to feed. Male shannies (Lipophrys pholis) were already known to return to their nest if they were artificially removed during their breeding season from October to April.

But, Paulo Esteves Jorge at University of Lisbon in Portugal stated that it is not yet clear how shannies find their way back, and they may use scent, visual landmarks or other cues. "many species od intertidal rock-pool fish have excellent homing capabilities backed up by fantastic spatial learning" says Culum Brown at Macquarie university in Sydney, Australia. The researchers also still wonder why these animals only stay in the breeding area for a month during the breeding season.

Writing Feedback / Several possible factors which trigger crime rate and the best action to prevent criminal activity [2]

Each year, the crime rate increases.
What are the causes of crime and what could be done to prevent this rise in criminal activity?

In specific countries of the world criminality still a big issue. The fact showed that the crime rate increases annually, this essay will discuss several possible factors which triggered crime rate and the best action to prevent criminal activity.

There are several potential factors which feed criminal rate. The first factors are poverty. In specific place where poor people lives such as slump and prostitution area, criminality can be occurred anytime. People who do not have money to buy daily basis goods have a bigger tendency to do crime. As the result, poor people usually take illegal action such as pickpocket, burglary, and robbery as a shortcut to get money. Not only this, lack of education also takes important factors. Uneducated people have small chance to get well paid job. As the result, they have a bigger chance to fall on crime. Finally, lack of government control also increases an opportunity to do crime.

In terms of solutions, I believe that government and individuals should work together to prevent criminal activity. Government should recovery slump and prostitution the area to beneficial public facility such as library and public park. As the the result, criminal who usually hide in such places will difficult to find a place to live. Individuals should take a the role as social control agent. People should report their neighbor if they commit a criminal action.

All in all, there is a several problem related to criminal activity. To solve this problem, government and citizen must work together to tackle this issue.

Writing Feedback / David Christian ask every audience with one question: How does the Universe make complexity? [3]

The History of our world in 18 minutes by David Christian

David Christian ask every audience with one question: How does the Universe make complexity? To answer this question, he begins with 13.7 billion years ago when nothing exists and suddenly the core of universe which small as atom appear and expanding very quickly. 380.000 years after big bang simple hydrogen atom appear. With a high temperature, the cloud of hydrogen transformed to star and a large number of a rocky planet.

The next stage, first living organism created from the right amount of energy, chemical reaction, and liquid. In 4 billion years ago, there is a simple living organism such as single cell organism. Then, about 500 million years ago multiple cells organism exists such as fish, reptiles, plants, and dinosaurs. When asteroids wipe out the dinosaurs, our mammalian ancestors thrive and the first Neanderthal man exists about 35 million years ago. And then, the first homo sapiens exists about 200.000 years ago.

The basic difference between human and other animal is human conduct a complex and precise language system, as the resulting human have an ability to transfer knowledge to generation to generation. Human ancestors learn to live in the different environment such as dessert, jungle, even ice age tundra in Siberia. And now, 7 billion of human are linked up globally with the internet.

Writing Feedback / Our Ice Age ancestors skinned cave lions to make roofs for huts [2]

Marian Cueto is a Palaeontologist from the University of Cantabria in Spain and his team found an evidence that our relative in La Garma cave in Spain hunted formidable cave lions, and use their pelts as the roof on tent-like huts. The new discovery is a collection of toe bones believed to have belonged to a single cave lion. The team, suspect that the pelt may once have formed the roof of the dwelling.

Previous similar discoveries from Swabian Jura in Germany suggest that hunting a cave lion was a widespread event which has been a minor contribution to their extinction. The team speculated this was a collective or individual activity with ritual purposes. The team is now examining other carnivore fossils such as hyenas, foxes, and bears were skinned in a similar fashion.

Writing Feedback / Is it true, that in order to understand the culture of a country, we must speak the local language? [3]

Some people think that a person can never understand the culture of a country unless they speak the language
Do you agree with this opinion?

the importance of speaking a local language

Recently, some people argue that in order to understand the culture of a country, we must speak the language. But, I strongly believe that way is not suitable for every people.

On the other hand, there are several reasons why we do not have to speak the language in order to learn the culture of a country. The first reason is the literature give us much information than verbal knowledge. For instance, nowadays the college students learn a lot of cultural information about a country in literature sources such as books, journal, and encyclopaedia. Learn their language also give a lot of information for academic purposes but language skill much useful in order to communicate with a foreigner. Another reason, most of the people now learn the culture of a country which informed in another language. Finally, the manifestation of culture can be found in many ways such as cultural dance, festival, food, statue and more.

However, I have a reason why an ability to speak the language also gives advantages in order to understand the culture of a country. In specific isolated tribes which are no information about their culture an ability to speak their language is the most important ability. For example, in recent centuries, European explorers travel around the world and visited several unknown countries. In order to learn their culture, European explorers have learned their language in order to learn about their culture because at this time there is no information about that country.

In conclusion, I believe that an ability to speak the language is not an essential part in order to learn the culture of a country. Nowadays there are several literature sources such as books and journal and available in several languages. However, in the past, an ability to speak is very important to understand the culture of a country. For recommendation, it would be better if every people learn the culture and also learn their language.

Writing Feedback / TED Reviews: The simple Cure for Loneliness by Baya Voce [4]

Baya said once that loneliness is an emotional state that we have when we feel disconnected, loneliness is a public health crisis which affected one of five American peoples. In order to overcome the loneliness and fell connected with other people, someone has to feel seen, heard, and valued ourselves and it can be achieved through ritual. Ritual does not always about the religious practice but as something that we already do day-a-day.

Many peoples with same hobby or interest can build a ritual to fulfil a necessity to share with other people and ritual can expand our capacity for kindness and compassion. Baya stated that people do not have to change to build a connection, find something you are already doing with your friends and family and do thing over and over again

Writing Feedback / How Much Water should you drink a day? Your Throat will Tell You [3]

According to a study by Michael Farrell and his team at Monash University in Australia, our body have a mechanism in controlling our fluid intake, on top of our conscious feelings of thirst. If we are dehydrated, swallowing is effortless; if we are overhydrated, swallowing feels more difficult. Farrell and his team asked a volunteer to rate the sensation of taking a small sip of water, they found that people who had drunk a lot of water took much more effort to swallow than those who were mildly hydrated.

When people were overhydrated, brain scans showed that swallowing was linked with more activity in certain regions of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for conscious thought processes. Farrell says that the discovery is further evidence that controversial advice to deliberately drink fluids is wrong. Farrell says even people doing exercise just need to drink according to their thirst.

Writing Feedback / Daniel Levitin tells how to figure out a problem before it happens or how to minimise the damage [3]

How to Stay Calm When you Know you'll be stressed by Daniel Levitin

Daniel Levitin is a neuroscientist, and he shared his experience when he cannot go into his house because the door is locked. He decided to break the window with a large rock and came into his house. His experience inspired him to share about how to figure out a problem before this problem happens or minimise the damage. The part of brain named hippocampus is responsible for tracking the locations of important things.

Many peoples have decided about its life when a problem happened. For example, when someone had a bad disease, they must decide to live in shorter life and pain-free or longer life which has a great deal of pain towards the end. When our brain under stressed it released cortisol and make some part of the brain do not function normally, and the best you can do it is think rationally.

Writing Feedback / Article Review: Weird Orange Crocodiles found Gorging on Bats in Gabon Caves [3]

In part of an expedition into Gabon's Abanda cave system, the explorer Olivier Testa found a population of dwarf crocodiles. The team's crocodile expert Matthew Shirley realised that crocodile eats many bats that falling into the water or lining up to be plucked off the cave walls. With at least 5 kilometres of caves to occupy, its difficult to precisely know how many crocs are in this cave.

Another discovery, when the crocs go deeper, the older, dark-coloured males had become paler, turning a bright orange. The water these crocodiles swim through is essentially an alkaline slurry formed form bat dropping. The urea in bat guano makes the water very basic and erode away the skin and changes its colour. While the crocodiles appear to spend the entire dry season in the caves, they emerge during the wet season at least to breed.

Writing Feedback / Recently, many politicians and academician discuss about renewable energy and its benefits [5]

Governments should make more effort to promote alternative sources of energy.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Recently, many politician and academician discuss renewable energy and its benefit for the country. Many alternative energies such as the wind, geothermal, and nuclear energy sound promising to overcome the rise of fossil energy.

There are several reasons why the alternative source of energy should be a government priority. Firstly, alternative energy relies on natural resources which do not harm the environment. For example, alternative energy such as solar panel, windmill, and geothermal are natural resources and do not have any emission or disposal which pollute the environment. Secondly, alternative energy is a solution for rising price of other non-renewable energy such as gasoline and charcoal. Many countries which do not have fossil energy import a large of crude oil and charcoals from another country like Venezuela and Saudi Arabia to fulfil energy necessity. Finally, alternative energy is never ending energy which is available for a hundred years or even forever.

On the other hand, there is a reason why the alternative source of energy should not be government priority because renewable energy did not produce a large amount of energy instead of fossil energy. For example, energy resources like a solar panel or windmill only produce a little of electricity rather than power station which rely on charcoal or gas. In many countries, alternative energy still contributes a little percentage of total energy necessary.

In conclusions, I agree if government spend more money and time to focus on alternative energy because alternative energy is a solution for energy in the future. For a recommendation, I would suggest government and academician help each other to conduct more research in renewable energy.

Writing Feedback / TED Review:Why some people are more altruistic than others by Abigail Marsh [4]

Abigail March had an experience when someone saves her life, and she curious why someone more altruist than other people. A lot of people including everybody from philosophers and economist believe that human nature is fundamentally selfish, but some people risk their life to help people unselfishly. Abigail found something about the brain performance which affect people to more altruist rather than others.

Abigail start explaining about psychopath's brain, the research showed that psychopath has characteristics, a psychopath cannot feel someone are in distress and lack a brain part called amygdala. Is altruist people are opposite of psychopath which have big amygdala? The altruist brain is better at recognising other people's fear and has hyperactive amygdala. The altruist literally does not think of themselves as being at the centre of anything, every people have the same portion of priority in altruist mind.

Writing Feedback / Article Review: Mini Dog Robot can Bounce, Open Doors and even Climb Fences [4]

Ghost Minitaur, the newest version of a dog robot is capable of cross obstacle-strewn terrain impassable to wheeled and tracked robots, it can also climb stairs and chain-link fences. The current version of Minitaur weighs 6 kilogrammes and can crawl, sidle crabwise or rear up against a vertical surface. Attachment to the end of robot's leg allows it to open door handles as well as to grip and climb fences.

The electronic are built using off-the-shelf components. This means that, although each robot currently cost around $10,000 to make, this should drop below $1500 when production ramps up. Minitaur seemingly useful to the emergency services when disaster and US military are likely to be interested in Minitaur as a sensor platform for bomb disposal and urban reconnaissance. But we quite fancy just having one to greet us when we come home from work.

Writing Feedback / Internet Problem, ex. inappropriate content, infected websites, etc. [3]

The internet has transformed the way information is shared and consumed, but it has also created problems that did not exist before.
What are the most serious problems associated with the internet and what solutions can you suggest?

There are several reasons why the internet could make a problem instead of making life easier Firstly, Internet may have several websites which are containing inappropriate content for children or even for adults. For example, research showed that 62 percent of parents say age-inappropriate content is their top concern such as pornographic material and content containing swearing. Secondly, the internet would be a problem if people don't have awareness about computer virus which hiding in many contents on the internet. Finally, the internet give so much information for many people but the validity of information are still questioned, many websites containing irresponsible and hoax information.

On the other hand, I would suggest some solutions to prevent the problems which are caused by the internet. Firstly, educate yourself and your children with a large of information about how to use the internet properly and prevent particular inappropriate content or click bait which are some ads or contents containing viruses and malware if someone clicks it. The government also have to set some restrictions for some dangerous websites. Bitdefender research showed that about 10 percent of 10 years old children already search porn websites, and based on result government banned some website containing pornography and terrorism material. Finally, many peoples can use software such as antivirus and internet security to prevent malware which potentially damages your computer.

In conclusions, the internet problem can be prevented with education, government and technology aspects.

Writing Feedback / TED Summary: What it Takes to be a Great Leader by Roselinde Torres [2]

Roselinde Torres who spend about 25 years observing many companies stated that about fifty-eight percent of the companies cited significant talent gaps for critical leadership roles. It means that many companies had failed to grow enough great leaders. She asked herself two questions: why is the leadership gap widening? And what are successful leaders doing? And he travelled around the world to find the answers.

In 21st centuries, if somebody just relies on traditional development practice, they will fail. The 21st centuries leaders must able to answer three essential questions. First, what are you looking to anticipate change? This question explained about what the leaders do with their time and understanding the world changes. Second, What is the diversity measure of your network? This question explained about the capacity of the leader to develop a relationship with people. The last, are you courageous enough to abandon the past? This question explains how leaders are brave enough to be different.

Writing Feedback / Article Summary Task: Physic Nobel goes to discovers of world of stranger things [2]

The 2016 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to David Thouless from the University of Washington, Duncan Haldane from Princeton University, and to Michael Kosterlitz from Brown University. Their work involved using the mathematical field to look at unusual states of matter, such as superconductors and superfluids. This work will give rise to new developments in material science and electronics, including in quantum computing.

In 1980, the consensus as that superconductivity could not occur in thin layers, but Thouless and Kosterlitz showed that was wrong and used topology to explain why. They found that thin conductive layers could actually appear in materials by taking the form of discrete topological steps. Duncan Haldane also explains the magnetic properties of some materials. Initially the work "seemed very abstract" said Haldane, but as time went by more and more properties could be explained by topology.