Writing Feedback / Listening Summary : Chaos Theory - the alteration of dynamic variables [2]

Chaos theory is a branch of physics and mathematics that focus on the alteration of dynamic variables. Initially, chaos theory was evolved when the scientist observed the movement of the planet and changes in environment. However, this theory can also be applied in economy field. For some economist, this theory can be used to forecasting and making a prediction of financial evidence. In 1990, the number of economist increased in the research involving chaos theory to seek out the model of forecasting. The basic ideas in making the model was by involving the pattern of change and development, and taking into account all viable variables. These notions made forecasting become over-challenging. The chaos theory, actually, change the linear system which is believed in the past, become non-linear system with involving the variables alterations. All we can learn from chaos theory is that it simply teaches about accepting uncertainty.

source : IELTS Cambridge

Writing Feedback / Article Summary : Longer 'Penis' drives evolution of bigger brains in female fish [2]

For male mosquitofish, bigger genitals mean more mating success, and surprisingly the development of male organs lead females to evolve their brain size, become larger, to escape from overeager mates. The mating system between males and females mosquitofish started when the males sneak up and attempt to copulate by force using a modified anal fin, called the gonopodium, in order to send sperm into females. Severine Buechel and colleagues conducted a research to test the notion that females develop bigger brains to defend against males, and males response it by evolve their brains too. The study found that there was no evidence that male brains got bigger at the same time as females. The mating system which is far from romantic among mosquitofish triggers many risks for females, and having a lager brain might help them to spot and get away from males. According to Buechel, brain development might be gone in different way, and it depends on adopted mating strategy.

newscientist

Writing Feedback / Article Summary : Bees of the sea : Tiny crustaceans pollinate underwater plants [2]

Seagrass swirling around the current and flow can be a ride for tiny species on the sea, provide food and habitat for microscopic species such as crustaceans to manatees, and contribute in stabilising the coast through it roots. According to scientist from National Autonomous University of Mexico, Brigitta van Tussenbroek, she and her colleagues were surprised when they found hundreds of invertebrates, chiefly small crustaceans, act like pollinators visiting flowers of a turtle-grass bed and carrying pollen. To explore this further, the researchers create an aquarium including crustacean, male and female turtle-grass flowers, and seawater. After several minutes, they found that extra grains appeared on female blooms on aquarium with invertebrates. This pollinators has a gooey and tasty body, and scientist believed that some pollen sticks to their bodies while they eat. So far, the discovery of sea bees which have only been seen visiting turtle grass can describe interesting plant-animal interaction that has not completely described, said researcher from Louisiana, Kelly Darnell.

newscientist

Writing Feedback / Scientists effort to invent a device which enable human to breathe under the water for a long time [2]

Listening Summary : Artificial Gills - enabling human to breathe in the water

We all know that all living creature needs oxygen. When it comes to human, they could not breathe under the water, and sometimes drown in the water. For that reason, several scientists is in an effort to invent a device which enable human to breathe under the water for a long time. The former breathing apparatus, called scuba, is painful and heavy. So that, they need a device that can extract oxygen directly from water while swimming, and comfortable to use. The artificial gills, is the solution for this problem. To create an artificial gill, we need to find fragile material with big surface area, and we also need tiny tubes and valves to enabling divers to breathe. The imperative step is that we should keep the water move. The speaker, had created her own artificial gills and tried it in the swimming pool, and she can breathe for 45 minutes. In the future, the speaker believe that the device has a great potential in marine area.

source : Cambridge

Writing Feedback / Nanotechnology - a breakthrough technology has been introduced by scientist [2]

Listening Summary : Nanotechnology

a breakthrough technology has been introduce by scientist. This technology is namely Nanotechnology. Nano means tiny, the material is produced by controlling and arranging atoms, forming a nanoparticle. This is impacting civilization in many ways. However, there are a lot of problem faced by scientist regarding nanotechnology such as people has a wrong idea about its capability and it has a contribution in global warming. Regardless the nanotechnology problems, this powerful technology can be used in numerous way. In transportation, nanotechnology can produce metal which is lighter than common metal. It also impact computer area where sugar-cube size supercomputer is produced with nanotechnology. For local scale, it can help to clean up the environment by removing oil and other contaminants from water, making cost energy more economical.

Writing Feedback / Article summary : National scene: Vocational students to get skill certificates [2]

The Indonesia government is designing an initiative to certify vocational school students with multiple skill certificates after finishing several specific syllabuses. This plan is developed to improve vocational school system in order to accelerate the personnel recruitment process after receiving diplomas. According to Manpower Ministry, Hanif Dhakiri, SMK programmes would be divided into several levels, each of which involves a specific courses. To bring this plan into reality, the memorandum of understanding (MoU) has been signed by five ministries.

source :
thejakartapost

Writing Feedback / Listening Summary : Succeeding Business System but also workers skills. [2]

In business area, it is pivotal to design a system that can lead their companies to become successful. This system includes managing and selling new product to catch big profit, but this system not generate new knowledge. They only repeat the step without manage their enlightenment. According to the speakers, as a consequence of wanting to become success, the company manager placing too much trust to expert, usually consults to the specialist to gain an understanding of particular system. However, the expert is not always true, if the system is more complex, pundits cannot ensure a fully information. In order to solve these problems, company have to adjust their attitude and become more realistic. They also have to strict the control on organization systems and the firm should duplicate not only succeeding system but also workers skills.

Source : IELTS Cambridge

Writing Feedback / Article Summary : Jayapura Residents struggle with recurrent blackouts [2]

Since November 2016, the capital city of Papua, Jayapura, has experienced day-to-day of 4 to 6 hours blackouts because they only had electricity storage gap up to 15 megawatts per day. This routine blackouts were prompted by several technical problems, affecting 110,000 households in Jayapura. Even though Papua have a hydro power turbine which has an electricity capacity of 2 x 10 MW in Orya Genyem, it cannot solve the routine blackouts problem due to issues with a numerous components.

thejakartapost

Writing Feedback / Environmental friendly building. Listening Summary: Contemporary experimental design for housing [2]

There are numerous way to create a building that environmental friendly, one of them is to create underground house. In order to build an underground house, the professional should look a side of land that away from the crowd, so that they can construct a peaceful house. They then found a land with stone layer with a lot of recyclable material. Before construct the house, they firstly choose one architect's design then decide to build an underground house which has 2 storey. The house exposes to the light and has a lot of window and mirror from double layer strong glass which can spread the light. This house can also store energy from the sun and convert it into electricity. Its wall has a layer that can increase insulation. All of the house furniture is made from recyclable material. However, there is also a drawback building the underground house. They consume many concrete which release seven times CO2 that can damage the environment.

Writing Feedback / Article Summary : Vitamin D deficiency is widely overestimated, doctors warn [2]

Vitamin D is believed as a crucial nutrient for strong bones is warned by doctors since many people consume too many vitamin D's tablet than it is required. The wrong idea in using vitamin D have led to some misinterpretation tests, making people thinking they need to consume more. However, too much 'the sunshine vitamin' can increase calcium level in our blood, which can lead to some diseases such as nausea, constipation, kidney stones, and abnormal heart rhythm. Some studies reveal that vitamin that is needed by people are vary. Dr. JoAnn Manson of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and several other advisers set the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for consuming vitamin D. Depending on age, the estimated that people need approximately 600 to 800 units of vitamin D.

Writing Feedback / In the present time, big towns become the predominant living places chosen by many ambitious people [2]

Some people believe that living in big cities is becoming more difficult. Others believe that it is getting easier. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

In the present time, large towns become the predominant living places chosen by many people who chase their ambitions. While some people believe that being urban immigrant is becoming more challenging, others think the converse opinion. In my point of view, regardless living cost, dwelling in major city makes people get a better education easily.

Living expenses is believed as worrying issue by some metropolitan people. Some people think that living cost is difficult to fulfil. Taking an article from times magazine for an example, living cost in some large cities such as London, Hamburg and California is skyrocketing in recent years, making people hard to afford their daily needs. This also leads to the increasing numbers of the homeless. As consequence, many people think that dwelling in big cities is hard.

Although people have to spend much money dwelling in large town, I believe that the difficulties of living in urban area are encountered by some counter-arguments. There are plenty of education opportunities in major cities. Several prestigious tertiary educational institutions are centred in these urban area. Students will get their better education experiences in major cities. According to Professor Ivan, head of MIT department of urban studies and Planning, several big cities are designed to become education centre area in order to attract more students. Therefore, many people choose to live in large town due to its easiness to get proper education.

In conclusion, even though settling in large cities will bring up several difficulties, I believe that the urban life difficulties will be far outweighed by the merits of living in urban area. (266 Words)

Writing Feedback / Handedness or the dominant hand has been researched by a psychologist, Mathew. [4]

Handedness or the dominant hand has been researched by a psychologist, Mathew. In the articles read by the speaker, Mathew had found that handedness affects people who play music or some sports. Mathew also found that handedness is used to identify better strategy in sport game. Meanwhile, another research had been conducted by Mathew in German to find the human capacity to utilize both hand equally, namely mix-handed. The experiment involved the number of musician regarding to the type of instrument, the length it was played, and their regular practice. Interestingly, the result showed that keyboardist had high level using both hand, while string players such as violinist preferred one hand. Another experiment showed that handedness is use in some sport such as hockey, tennis and gymnastic. In hockey, the players tend to be mix handed due to the fact that hockey stick must be deployed in two direction. Also, mix handed players is more confident rather than one hand players. While in tennis, they prefer one hand player to make large vision.

Writing Feedback / Article Summary : 'Moana', not your typical Disney Princess [5]

Walt Disney, as the largest animation studio company, released their newest animation titled Moana. The director, Ron Clements and John Musker, said that Moana comes from Motunui as a daughter of a mystical-Polynesian-island chief. The character of Moana is described as an obedient daughter who tried to ignore her strong desire. In this film, Moana has a conflict with herself regarding to what she will choose between listening to her father and following her heart. In a stark contrast to other Disney princess who has funny sidekick animal and an adventure, Moana's adventure happens because she creates her own fate. From Moana many life lessons can be learned by both adults and children.

thejakartapost

Writing Feedback / The diagrams describe the process of the chocolate making, which involves ten fixed steps [2]

The diagrams describe the process of the chocolate making. Overall, it can be seen that there are 10 steps in making the chocolate including the pods growing stages and factory producing stages.

To begin, the cacao trees are grown in South America, Africa and some region of Indonesia. The ripe red pods from cocoa trees are harvested and the white cocoa beans are then removed from them. Next, the removed white cocoa beans are fermented and then laid them out on a large board so that they can be dried under the sun. The dried cocoa beans are put in a large sack then taken to the chocolate factory using railway or lorry. In the factory, the beans are roasted in 350 centigrade oven. After that, the roasted beans are crushed to remove their outer shell. In the final stage, the inner part of roasted beans are pressed and the liquid chocolate are produce.

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Writing Feedback / It can be seen that to make a concrete, the cement is needed as one of the main materials. [2]

The diagrams describe the process of cement manufacturing and how a cement is used in the concrete production. Overall it can be seen that to make a concrete, the cement is needed as one of the main materials.

Before going to the concrete production, the cement production is going first. The manufacture of cement involves five stages. The first stage of cement production is the limestone and clay is ground by the crusher into a powder. After that, the powder is mixed using a mixer and passes to the rotating heater. In the rotating heater the powder is heated and rotated to make a mixture. The heated mixtures is carried by conveyor to be crushed by the grinder. In this step, the final cement are produced and ready to be packed into bags.

The packaged cements are ready to be utilized in the concrete production. To produce a concrete, a quarter of sand and a half of gravel are mixed with 10 percent of water and 15 per cent of the packaged cement. All of the materials are mixed utilizing a cylindrical concrete mixer until it is yielded.

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Writing Feedback / The process of water loop which happens both in the surface and inside of the earth. [2]

The diagram illustrates the process of water cycle happened both in the surface and inside of the earth. Overall, it can be seen that the water circulation involves several steps beginning from the land to the sky and back again.

To begin with, the sun as the driver of the cycle, provides an energy to evaporate water from Earth's surface such as ocean, lake, and river. The plants also produce a vapour as a result of transpiration. The wind carries the vapours to the cooler temperature and condenses into tiny droplets in clouds. When the clouds meet the cooler temperature in the highland, the droplets become heavier and fall down as a precipitation.

After that, most of precipitation flows the downhill as and return to the river and the ocean. Some of them soaks into the ground and trapped in either the lake or rock as ground water. Eventually, this trapped water will also return to the ocean.

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Writing Feedback / Frog's life cycle involves about seven steps which start from eggs phase to the adult frog stage [2]

Writing Task 1 : Process - The frog life cycle

The given diagram illustrates the life cycle of a frog. Overall, it can be seen that the life cycle of the frog involves about seven steps begun from the eggs stage to the adult frog stages.

The first step of the frog metamorphosis is begun when the female frogs lay their eggs in wet places or water. After several times the cells in the eggs grow massively and come to form an embryo. In the next stages, the embryo turn into a baby frog namely tadpole. This tadpole has a long tail and still lives in the water. After several times, the tadpole begins to change, its front legs starts to grow and the tadpole's tail also become smaller.

In the next stage, the frog is preparing to life one the land when the lungs begin to develop and the frog starts the pulmonary breathing. This tadpole becomes more froglike and comes up from the water. In the final stage, a fully developed frog with lungs, legs and no tail begins to life on the land as an adult frog.

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Writing Feedback / MAP - The alteration in Brandenburg for over 20-year period started in 1990 and ending in 2010 [2]

The maps below show changes that took place in Brandenburg in over a 20-year period from 1990 to 2010.

The map illustrates the alterations that have occurred in Brandenburg for over 20-year period started in 1990 and ending in 2010. Overall, it can be seen that many green fields were converted to several infrastructures.

To begin with, there are some changes in residential area in western side of the river. Almost all of the green fields in the south-west of the river replaced by supermarket and two block of flats. Between them the new road had been built. Moving to the north-west side of the river, block of flats had been built nearby the lake.

There were also a significant alterations in eastern part of the town where the airport had been built in the outer city behind the school. Turning to the south-west of the town, a large factory had been built behind a new railway which was constructed along the coast and continuing to cross the west side of the river. In addition to this, a ferry port was developed in eastern coastline.

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