Writing Feedback / What are the problems caused by overreliance on private cars? How to tackle it? [2]

More and more people are relying on the private car as their major means of transportation.
Describe some of the problems overreliance on cars can cause, and suggest at least one possible solution.

It is argued that citizens are more conveniently travelling by their private cars. As the consequence, a number of problems appear, such as traffic congestion and air pollution, and those require effective measures immediately. One of the alternatives which can be taken into account is no one entering the city centre in certain times, in exception by using public transport.

The majority of people complain about cars hampering in the main street during peak hours every day. This is because those means inhibit residents from reaching their offices or schools on time. In my personal experience, I am always trapped in the road for hours with cohort of employees since the bus cannot run faster during the journey. As the result, frequently I come late to my first class in the morning.

The fact that overwhelming of private vehicles deteriorates global warming is undeniably true. Certainly, a car emits more emission, particularly carbon dioxide, than public transport. The long-term research of Harvard University reveals that one automobile releases ten tonnes CO2 per year, confirming that pollution resulted from private vehicles is the primary cause of global warming.

In my opinion, the government should restrict the number of owned cars in the road by introducing car free day. This attempt has been proven successful in several cities in the world. For instance, in Japan, after establishing that no car allowed travel to the city in Monday from 07.00 to 11.00 am, there has been a significant decline of gas emissions since 2010.

To sum up, I have a tendency to think that the more use of private cars, the more problems of congestion and global warming. Therefore, it is essential that the authorities cut off the number of those by establishing car free day.

Writing Feedback / The laws are needed to make people recycle more waste? [2]

Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled.
They say the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?

Recycling domestic waste has become controversial issue among people. Most argued that there should be more plastics or papers processed in recycled machine than it was recently. Thus, all we need is stringent measures to encourage citizens to get involved in this attempt. However, I personally disagree with this initiative issue since the role of education is more essential in order to engage people recycling the garbage.

It is often believed that the power of laws can drive citizens to obey desired attitudes in the society. This is because whoever neglects the rules will be punished, either by paying fines or putting in the jail. For instance, a car driver passing 3 in 1 lines has to ensure that he picks up at least 3 passengers. If they do not so, they are going to be prisoned or to pay $3,000. However, it is undeniable that office workers who are in a hurry hire others to accompany them during the journey. Clearly, establishing an official obligation is not effective to encourage citizens in the term of recycling process.

Educated young people about environmental science in the formal institution is a worth idea to raise awareness of the importance of recycling. As a matter of fact, students will realize why it is significant to modify old things, and they can learn how to reuse those. In addition, students who are going to be adults in the immediate future will bring the household rubbish to the recycling centre without any force, having their own initiatives. Furthermore, young people can introduce this way to other family members.

To sum up, the majority of people think that official statements have affords to tackle the recycling problem. Meanwhile I have a tendency to think that it is better to educate young people because they will bring greater impacts on the environment. Hopefully, citizens are going to welcome this idea.

Writing Feedback / The line graph presents how many people have no occupation in two developed countries, US and Japan [2]

The graph below shows the unemployment rate in the US and Japan between March 1993 and March 1999.
Write the report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

The line graph presents how many people have no occupation in two developed countries, the United States and Japan, between 1993 and 1999. Overall, it is immediately apparent that the difference between both figures became much fewer over a 6-year period. It is also noticeable that there was a down trend in unemployment rates in the US whilst Japan saw the reverse.

In March 1993, the number of people without any occupation in the United States was considerably high at 7.0 percent, while the Japanese witnessed more than twice lower than it. However, this trend bore no similarity in the latter period in which these figures became narrower, and they reached an equal point at 5.0 percent eventually.

By 1994, the percentage of unemployed American people had decreased gradually to 6.0, and it continuously flattened out to just over 5.0 in the following two years, before hovering in this point until the latter period. In contrast, the rate in Japan increased slightly from above 3.5 to 4.5 percent in 1996, and then it peaking at 5.0 eventually, showing a 1.5 percent-rise in a half decades.

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Writing Feedback / Naturan process - Erosion of a headland [2]

The diagram below show the stages in the erosion of a headland.

A breakdown of the natural process of headland formation due to coastal erosion is presented in the diagram. Overall, it is immediately apparent that there are four primary stages which begin with rock destruction and cave formation. The following processes consist of the result of leaving top layer, stack and stump, subsequently.

The first sequence in the erosion of a headland is deformation stage. In this stage, sea wave which has different pressure attacks the less vulnerable area of the rock layer, and it results in forming a small cave. Next, the cave becomes larger and larger in size, before creating a various arch shape, such as Durdle, Door, and Dorest.

The further process is called stack formation in which sea water hits the arch's roof continuously. As the consequence, the massive roof collapses into the sea level, and it leaves a separated land in the ocean, called a stack. Afterwards, the water still erode the stack and the headland simultaneously, meaning that its length become narrower. Eventually, the process remains a small pieces of stump opposite the headland.

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Writing Feedback / Mission going to outer space; Space Exploration, National Pride or Internationa Effort? [2]

Some people argue that space exploration has had more to do with national pride than international effort.

To what extent do you agree with this?
How do you think space exploration will change in the future?

a national pride or international effort?

It is arguably that such mission going to outer space is more likely related to how successful a country is. Also, it seems completely far to be explained in the term of global endeavour. I personally agree with this initiative issue since this exploration represents national identity and prestige of the country.

Superpower countries, which are competing to explore the universe, have their own icons which deliver implicitly their value and belief. This is because each group has different idea and specifications related to their space research programme. Obviously, Dr. Alex Roland of Duke University, who has scrutinized national interests regard to the successful missions of the United States - Apollo 11 and the Soviet Union launching the first artificial Earth satellite - Sputnik, claimed that there is a direct relationship between technological power and national ideology. He explained that the triumph of American aircraft reaching the Moon conveys the superiority of democracy while Russian's achievement introducing Sputnik displays the grandeur of communism. Clearly, those space missions aim to promote nationalism and have opposing goals, instead of collaboration project.

In addition, the primary purpose why developing countries strive to conduct the cosmos investigation is to get considerable prestige in the international community. Due to the fact that, the more successful of space exploration, the more superior the country. Jason Burke, the author of "India's Mars Satellite Successfully Enters Orbit, Bringing Country Into Space Elite", confirmed that, despite of the intention to improve prosperity, India spent considerable huge budget on setting up Mangalyaan, a space probe orbiting Mars. This results in strengthening India's status in the world, as the fourth space agency reaching Mars and, ultimately, the first in Asia.

In conclusion, it is true that the ambitions to know the entire universe are to show ideological label and to obtain great status internationally. Hopefully world citizens realized that if they want to advance space exploration, they should work out together. Otherwise, this trend will drive to the third world war.

Writing Feedback / Finding the best method to tackle traffic and pollution problems has been a debatable issue recently [2]

Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
What other measures do you think might be effective?

Finding the best method to tackle traffic and pollution problems has been a debatable issue in recent years. It is argued that government should set up higher price of petrol to solve these problems. I do agree with this initiative issue since citizens will be reluctant to travel by their private cars if the petrol price is more expensive. However, introducing car free day is an alternative way in order to minimize traffic and pollution.

Establishing less affordable petrol will reduce the number of private cars in the road significantly, meaning that minimizing the frequency of traffic jam and the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Once this policy introduced, individuals will be more selective in deciding whether they have to riding a car or using public transport. A 2010 recent study of Harvard University reveals that people in Beijing were not likely travelling by their cars because they avoided spending huge budget for transport cost, particularly paying the high price of petrol in their country. This resulted in a few evident of people who trapped in traffic jam for hours, and a fresher air in Beijing in recent years.

Having said that, car free day is the other way to tackle both traffic jam and deteriorated air problems. This is due to the fact that the car is the key factor of traffic jam and the main contributor of gas emission. Obviously, since can free day has been established in Tokyo, it showed is a significant decrease in the number of traffic jam and carbon dioxide emission. Clearly, car free day is a worth effort to keep healthier air and more straightforward travel.

In conclusion, when set higher price of petrol could discourage people to drive their private vehicles in which can streamline the travelling time and minimize the amount of poisonous gases in the atmosphere. Also, the authority can establish car free day to reduce the problems related to both issue. Hopefully, citizens can participate actively to support this policy.

Writing Feedback / How to Manufacture Cement and Make Concrete ? [2]

A breakdown of how cement is manufactured and its utilization for building constructions is presented in the graphs. Overall, it is immediately apparent that the cement has to pass through three complicated stages before packaging in the bags. Meanwhile, there are four main material mixed straightforward in order to produce concrete.

Firstly, the raw materials consist of limestone and clay which are mixed together and then it is crushed so as to produce powder. Once the powder has been mixed in the tube mixer, it enters the rotating heater and was heated by heat at the edge of the long tube. Afterwards, it is ground which results in cement. Having packaged in the bag, the cement is ready to sell.

To make concrete, the majority of this composition is a half consisting of gravel and a quarter of sand which are poured into a concrete mixer. Then, 15 percent of cement and 10 percent of water are added to the mixture. Finally, all of the materials are mixed clockwise in the concrete mixer.

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Writing Feedback / Social networking is the leading cause why individuals are losing interaction among family members [2]

Social Interaction Through Social Networking

Internet-based social networking sites are designed to help bring people together. However, they have a negative effect on the way we communicate with one another. Do you agree or disagree?

The way people communicate via the Internet is undoubtedly beneficial in which they can interact one another even in far distance. However, I would argue that this method is the primary factor of weakening social bond among people in their real lives and it can be a breakdown of several relationships.

Social networking is the leading cause why individuals become lack of interaction among family members. This is because people who are addicted to surfing on social media canals such as Facebook, Twitter or Telegram become more insensitive in the reality. Obviously, Bong Seon Hwa, a young Korean mother, had a tragic accident last year when she was enjoyable to chat with her friends in Facebook but she forgot to take care of her baby. This resulted in the daughter falling from the bed and suffering serious fracture on his backbone. However, a number of overseas students use video conference to keep in touch with their families intensively.

There are cohort married couples getting misunderstandings related to statements submitted in the social networking. The reason is there is not facial expression or gestures which can confirm their definite feelings and intentions. A 2010 survey by Pew Research Center reveals that 65 percent of American couples using digital applications to communicate each other acknowledged that posting photos with colleagues in Instagram can drive in jealous and long-standing dispute with their partners. It is clearly that social networking can ruin harmonious relationships.

In conclusion, while it is generally true that social networking facilitate people to interact with their far relatives more easily, but it can cause considerable disruptions in their relationships. Hopefully, citizens use the Internet wisely to communicate both with their virtual and real lives.

Writing Feedback / The proportion of e-commerce in four retail trade in New Zealand between 2003 and 2013 [2]

Online shopping sales in New Zealand

The pie charts compare the proportion of e-commerce in four retail trade in New Zealand between 2003 and 2013. Overall, it is immediately apparent that most citizens purchased items in travel sector initially. Meanwhile the sales of film/music and books witnessed an upward trend, the figure for clothes and travel business saw the reverse over the recorded time.

In the initial year, the most popular trading in the Internet is business travel at 36 percent, but it decreased slightly by 7 percent in 2013. Similarly with the number of sales in clothes sector which began with 24 percent and then it plummeted to 16 percent, during 2003 and 2013, a fall of 8 percent over a 10-year period.

This contrasted to both film/music's and books' sales which saw a positive trend in. The number of sales in film/music commerce increased modestly from 21 percent in the former period to a third in the following ten years. At just under the fifth, books business' sales was the least popular in the Internet, but it showed a 3-percent rise in one decade period.

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Writing Feedback / UK, Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium and Sweden statistics regarding banana and coffee. [3]

The tables below give information about sales of Fairtrade*-labelled coffee and banana in 1999 and 2004 in five European countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

A breakdown of two fairtrade-labbelled products in several European countries are depicted in the tables. The data is collected in two different years (1999 and 2004). Overall, it is noticeable that, while Switzerland shared a significant proportion for coffee with United Kingdom, it was the highest cohort for bananas in both of periods.

Regarding to coffee commodity, there was an upward trend in the amount of commerce in each country. In 1999, the greatest proportion was €3mn in Switzerland and it increased twice five years later. While UK and Denmark began at extremely closed point, at €1,5mn and €1,8mn respectively, UK overtook others with an increase by €19,5mn in 2004. Besides that , Belgium and Sweden experienced a very small number, roughly €1mn sales over a 5-year period.

Turning to the figure for banana, Switzerland started at €15m, which is the highest number in the beginning, and it was still popular in 2004, at €47mn sales. UK and Belgium saw a similar pattern, from €1mn and €0,6mn initially to jump six time at the end of period. On the other hand, the rest of groups had less sales in 1999 than 2004.

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Writing Feedback / IELTS - Children start school at the age of 4 or 7 ? [6]

Some countries it is thought advisable that children begin formal education at four years old, while in others they do not have to start school until they are seven or eight.

How far do you agreed with either of these views?

As children are priceless asset, there has been a significant concern on their growth. The government in some countries established that children start to experience formal education at the age of four years. Meanwhile, others claim it is not worthwhile idea due to children's development. I utterly agree that they acquire valuable experiences when beginning at seven or eight years old.

Bring children to formal institution at earlier age, less than five years old is not wise decision. People who accept this point out that children have not mature to deal with this condition, particularly psychologically. An educationalist of Adelaide University, K. Anderson, proclaimed that children aged four to six years old have their golden age. They will process instructions and information quickly. However, their psychology has not yet. There has been an evidence that two of ten children enrolled to elementary school at four of five age group suffer from serious headache. Unfortunately, it stands for long-term until those eneter senior high school. All in all, bringing children to school at such ages is dangerous for their growth.

Countries which implement to enroll children to primary school at the age of seven consider numerous advantages obtained. Firstly, children's cognition have not reached optimal condition. They can acquire knowledge easily and effectively. Furthermore, their psychology has been well-developed. As a result, they can adapt easily with new environment and socialize with acquaintances.

In conclusion, while children starting school at the age of four years can quickly master the lesson, they can suffer from serious health disease. It is better to introduce them with formal education at more mature phase, at aged sever to eight years. Therefore, parents should pay more attention in making decision related with their children's development.

Writing Feedback / How it is made - The Cement and concrete for building purposes. [4]

The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where appropriate.

The diagrams illustrate the manufacturing process of cement and how it is used to make concrete for building constructions. Overall, it can be seen that, the procedure of making cement is more complex than the concrete production.

To begin with, the cement production consists of four stages and several equipment. The process begins when limestone and clay are crushed together to form powder. After being mixed, it passes through the rotating heater which has a constant heat at the end of the tube. Then, it is ground to obtain final product before the cement is packed in the bags.

Turning to the second diagram, there was several building materials which is used to create concrete. Firstly, the compound includes a half of gravels and a quarter of sand. Then, fifteen percent of cement and ten percent of water are added to the admixture. Once those substances have been poured into the mixer, they are rotated in clockwise to produce the concrete.

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Writing Feedback / Enforcement actions to provide vocation for unwaged people [2]

Some people believe that unemployed people should be made to work for their welfare/benefit payments. Others, however, see this as cheap labour.
Discuss the possible advantages and disadvantages of making unemployed people take any job.
Do you believe that making unemployed people work is a good idea?

During periods of economic recession, there has been a grave concern about unemployment worldwide. Most people assume that this condition requires an urgent treatment by creating job vacancy to support those unemployed persons financially. Meanwhile, others resist in the term of inadequate salary. Ultimately, this policy has inevitable consequences, I personally believe that this is a worthwhile idea due to numerous benefits obtained.

Enforcement actions to provide vocation for unwaged people in a virtue of necessity is more likely related to human exploitation. Since it does not provide decent wages to defray living expenses. India, for instance, there were around 487 million labour force in 2012, the second largest after China. To deal with this problem, the government encouraged unorganised occupations ranging from pushcart vendors to home-based diamond and gem polishing for plenty of workers. Those labours had an enormous workload per day but these sectors had low productivity. As a result, over 90 percent of employees earned lower-paid. All in all, it looks like a slavery to force people without job to get one.

However, there is a wide range of advantages creating job opportunity for those who have not yet employed. Firstly, this measure can increase the level of prosperity. Since labours receive certain salary regularly, they can reckon for household cost precisely. Furthermore, those become completely responsible for their live. They do not dependent to others to meet their fundamental requirements. In addition, this strategy can reduce the rate of crime effectively, or becomes crime prevention. There has been definitive evidences that the lower amount of money earned influenced the crime figures significantly.

In conclusion, while providing job vocations for redundant people heightens a risk due to social manner, I believe that it contributes many more positive effects on economic need. Therefore, the government should attempt to provide a better job demand based on both aspects.

Writing Feedback / The proportion of accommodation types in the United Kingdom - data collected in 1985 and 2005 [2]

The pie charts below show the percentage of housing owned and rented in the UK in 1985 and 2005.
Summarize the information by describing the main features of the charts and making comparisons where appropriate.

The pie charts compare the proportion of accommodation types in the United Kingdom which is collected in 1985 and 2005. Overall, it is noticeable that, there has been an increase of five million residences over a two-decade period. Furthermore, the number of council rented housing saw a negative trend while the other three cohorts experienced a considerable growth during the period.

In 1985, there was a significant proportion in the number of privately owned blocks, roughly 55 percent from 22 million homes. It inclined dramatically to approximately third-quarter of 27 millions twenty years later. On the other hand, the figure for council rented saw a sharp fall, from nearly 30 percent to 15 percent in 2005.

There was a huge gap between the percentage of social housing and privately rented houses initially. Social housing began at a very small number, at 5 percent, and 10 percent for privately rented groups. Then, both categories represented a fairly equal proportion, at one in ten, at the end of the time frame.

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Writing Feedback / A breakdown of the average temperatures per month and the length of sunshine in hours per annum [2]

The graph and table below show the average monthly temperatures and the average number of hours of sunshine per year in three major cities.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

A breakdown of the average temperatures per month and the length of sunshine in hours per annum is depicted in line graph and table. The data is from three capital cities in the world. Overall, it is noticeable that, in the exception of June to September, Sydney experiences the highest temperature during the year. What is more, New York and Sydney have many more sunny periods than Sydney.

Between January and March, the temperature in Sydney is roughly 26, higher than the other two cities. However, it falls gradually over the next four months to finish at 16 in July. London and New York follow a similar pattern, beginning the period just under 10 and 5 respectively, than increase steadily by 25 and 10 six months later. Unlike Sidney which witnesses a recovery at 20 eventually, both cities decrease significantly to under 10 at the rest of period.

There is not a huge gap in the number of sunshine for New York and Sydney. At 2,535, New York is the greatest number of sunshine period. Meanwhile the figure for Sydney is slightly lower by around 100, London become the least at 1,180.

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Writing Feedback / IELTS - Writing Task 2 Foreign language at elementary school [4]

Learning a Foreign Language as a Child

With regard to the advancements in communication systems, people throughout the world concern on language acquisition. While it is a common method that students learn second language in secondary school, some experts claim that it is preferable to be educated at elementary school. I personally believe that this approach brings many drawbacks due to children development rather than its benefit.

People who argue that elementary school is the best place to teach foreign language based on one main reason. They concern that pupils of elementary school have a golden opportunity to learn new languages because of their cognition growth. The study conducted by K. Anders Ericson, a researcher of Cambridge University, discovered that children aged 4-9 years old experienced a valuable phase, included character building. At this period, they can memorize a wide range of words and straightforward to practice conversation in daily life. However, this ability will decrease as children get older. Therefore, it is evident that introducing foreign language earlier to children is good for their development.

However, learning other languages in earlier age is without untold harm towards children's development. Firstly, as children learn to hold conversation, they can be confused to distinguish both of native and second languages. They are potential to suffer from dyslexia, which is a common problem in children of primary school. They get diff1iculties in spelling words, writing words, and understanding reading. Also, children who practice bilingual will experience some problems to interact in society because they are not confident to communicate. They are reluctant to get involve in the community. In addition, they tend to be lack of nationality because they are more likely learning other languages instead of their own cultures.

In conclusion, it is evident that, while learning foreign language in primary school is beneficial in some extents, there are more drawbacks for children. Therefore, language learning, either native or foreign languages, in formal education should be concerned appropriately.

Writing Feedback / There has been a significant rise in the number of private cars since the past three decades [4]

Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that many cities in the world are now 'one big traffic jam'.
How true do you think this statement is?
What measures can governments take to discourage people from using their cars?

It is a common believe that there has been a significant rise in the number of private car over a three-decade period. Consequently, most citizens are trapped on congestions for hours. I personally believe that while these statements are inevitable, the authorities can introduce some strategies to tackle this problem.

As the prolific number of private cars hampered in the road, people always suffered from traffic jam today. It is different with few years before, when people can travel conviniently. The recent study of Oxford University, which covered 600 participants from large cities in the world, found that two-third of them was accustomed to use their own car go to the office and college. Besides that, they acknowledged that those person spent much more time to reach their destinations due to congestion. All in all, it is reasonable to blame private car for this phenomenon.

On the other hand, government can force to establish strick regulations in order to minimize the number of people travelling by their own car. Firstly, the policy makers can increase taxes of private vehicles. Ultimately, people become reluctant to drive car and prefer public transport instead. Also, the government can introduce free-car area and free-car time. It has been proven success to practice in many cities. In addition, they should improve the condition of public transport to encourage inhabitants use this mean.

In conclusion, while the rise number of private vehicle is responsible for congestion, the government can afford many ways to cure this phenomenon. Moreover, inhabitant have to accept and participate actively.